| radical | | |
| n. (substance) | 1. chemical group, group, radical | (chemistry) two or more atoms bound together as a single unit and forming part of a molecule. |
| ~ chemical science, chemistry | the science of matter; the branch of the natural sciences dealing with the composition of substances and their properties and reactions. |
| ~ building block, unit | a single undivided natural thing occurring in the composition of something else.; "units of nucleic acids" |
| ~ acyl, acyl group | any group or radical of the form RCO- where R is an organic group.; "an example of the acyl group is the acetyl group" |
| ~ alcohol group, alcohol radical | the chemical group -OH. |
| ~ aldehyde group, aldehyde radical | the chemical group -CHO. |
| ~ alkyl, alkyl group, alkyl radical | any of a series of univalent groups of the general formula CnH2n+1 derived from aliphatic hydrocarbons. |
| ~ allyl, allyl group, allyl radical | the univalent unsaturated organic radical C3H5; derived from propylene. |
| ~ amino, amino group | the radical -NH2. |
| ~ amyl | a hydrocarbon radical that occurs in many organic compounds. |
| ~ azido group, azido radical | the univalent group N3- derived from hydrazoic acid. |
| ~ azo group, azo radical | the bivalent group -N=N- united to two hydrocarbon groups. |
| ~ benzyl, benzyl group, benzyl radical | the univalent radical derived from toluene. |
| ~ benzoyl group, benzoyl radical | the univalent radical derived from benzoic acid. |
| ~ molecule | (physics and chemistry) the simplest structural unit of an element or compound. |
| ~ arsenic group, cacodyl group, cacodyl radical, cacodyl | the univalent group derived from arsine. |
| ~ carbonyl group | the bivalent radical CO. |
| ~ carboxyl, carboxyl group | the univalent radical -COOH; present in and characteristic of organic acids. |
| ~ chromophore | the chemical group that gives color to a molecule. |
| ~ cyanide group, cyanide radical, cyano group, cyano radical | the monovalent group -CN in a chemical compound. |
| ~ glyceryl | a trivalent radical derived from glycerol by removing the three hydroxyl radicals. |
| ~ hydrazo group, hydrazo radical | the bivalent group -HNNH- derived from hydrazine. |
| ~ hydroxyl, hydroxyl group, hydroxyl radical | the monovalent group -OH in such compounds as bases and some acids and alcohols. |
| ~ ketone group | a group having the characteristic properties of ketones. |
| ~ methylene, methylene group, methylene radical | the bivalent radical CH2 derived from methane. |
| ~ propyl, propyl group, propyl radical | the monovalent organic group C3H7- obtained from propane. |
| ~ butyl | a hydrocarbon radical (C4H9). |
| ~ nitro group | the group -NO3. |
| ~ nitrite | the radical -NO2 or any compound containing it (such as a salt or ester of nitrous acid). |
| ~ uranyl, uranyl group, uranyl radical | the bivalent radical UO2 which forms salts with acids. |
| ~ vinyl, vinyl group, vinyl radical | a univalent chemical radical derived from ethylene. |
| n. (substance) | 2. free radical, radical | an atom or group of atoms with at least one unpaired electron; in the body it is usually an oxygen molecule that has lost an electron and will stabilize itself by stealing an electron from a nearby molecule.; "in the body free radicals are high-energy particles that ricochet wildly and damage cells" |
| ~ atom | (physics and chemistry) the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element. |
| n. (person) | 3. radical | a person who has radical ideas or opinions. |
| ~ individual, mortal, person, somebody, someone, soul | a human being.; "there was too much for one person to do" |
| ~ anarchist, syndicalist, nihilist | an advocate of anarchism. |
| ~ bolshevik, bolshie, bolshy, marxist, red | emotionally charged terms used to refer to extreme radicals or revolutionaries. |
| ~ extremist | a person who holds extreme views. |
| ~ leveler, leveller | a radical who advocates the abolition of social distinctions. |
| ~ revolutionary, revolutionist, subversive, subverter | a radical supporter of political or social revolution. |
| ~ terrorist | a radical who employs terror as a political weapon; usually organizes with other terrorists in small cells; often uses religion as a cover for terrorist activities. |
| ~ trotskyist, trotskyite, trot | radicals who support Trotsky's theory that socialism must be established throughout the world by continuing revolution. |
| ~ wobbly | a member of the Industrial Workers of the World. |
| ~ young turk | a young radical who agitates for reform. |
| n. (quantity) | 4. radical | (mathematics) a quantity expressed as the root of another quantity. |
| ~ quantity, measure, amount | how much there is or how many there are of something that you can quantify. |
| ~ math, mathematics, maths | a science (or group of related sciences) dealing with the logic of quantity and shape and arrangement. |
| n. (communication) | 5. radical | a character conveying the lexical meaning of a logogram. |
| ~ grapheme, graphic symbol, character | a written symbol that is used to represent speech.; "the Greek alphabet has 24 characters" |
| ~ ideogram, ideograph | a graphic character that indicates the meaning of a thing without indicating the sounds used to say it.; "Chinese characters are ideograms" |
| n. (communication) | 6. base, radical, root, root word, stem, theme | (linguistics) the form of a word after all affixes are removed.; "thematic vowels are part of the stem" |
| ~ linguistics | the scientific study of language. |
| ~ descriptor, form, signifier, word form | the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something.; "the inflected forms of a word can be represented by a stem and a list of inflections to be attached" |
| adj. | 7. extremist, radical, ultra | (used of opinions and actions) far beyond the norm.; "extremist political views"; "radical opinions on education"; "an ultra conservative" |
| ~ immoderate | beyond reasonable limits.; "immoderate laughter"; "immoderate spending" |
| adj. | 8. radical, revolutionary | markedly new or introducing radical change.; "a revolutionary discovery"; "radical political views" |
| ~ new | not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered.; "a new law"; "new cars"; "a new comet"; "a new friend"; "a new year"; "the New World" |
| adj. | 9. radical | arising from or going to the root or source.; "a radical flaw in the plan" |
| ~ basic | pertaining to or constituting a base or basis.; "a basic fact"; "the basic ingredients"; "basic changes in public opinion occur because of changes in priorities" |
| adj. (pertain) | 10. radical | of or relating to or constituting a linguistic root.; "a radical verb form" |
| ~ linguistics | the scientific study of language. |
| adj. | 11. basal, radical | especially of leaves; located at the base of a plant or stem; especially arising directly from the root or rootstock or a root-like stem.; "basal placentation"; "radical leaves" |
| ~ phytology, botany | the branch of biology that studies plants. |
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