| hold up | | |
| v. (contact) | 1. hold, hold up, support, sustain | be the physical support of; carry the weight of.; "The beam holds up the roof"; "He supported me with one hand while I balanced on the beam"; "What's holding that mirror?" |
| ~ scaffold | provide with a scaffold for support.; "scaffold the building before painting it" |
| ~ block | support, secure, or raise with a block.; "block a plate for printing"; "block the wheels of a car" |
| ~ carry | bear or be able to bear the weight, pressure,or responsibility of.; "His efforts carried the entire project"; "How many credits is this student carrying?"; "We carry a very large mortgage" |
| ~ chock | support on chocks.; "chock the boat" |
| ~ buoy, buoy up | keep afloat.; "The life vest buoyed him up" |
| ~ pole | support on poles.; "pole climbing plants like beans" |
| ~ bracket | support with brackets.; "bracket bookshelves" |
| ~ underpin | support from beneath. |
| ~ prop, prop up, shore up, shore | support by placing against something solid or rigid.; "shore and buttress an old building" |
| ~ truss | support structurally.; "truss the roofs"; "trussed bridges" |
| ~ brace | support by bracing. |
| v. (perception) | 2. hold up | hold up something as an example; hold up one's achievements for admiration. |
| ~ display, exhibit, expose | to show, make visible or apparent.; "The Metropolitan Museum is exhibiting Goya's works this month"; "Why don't you show your nice legs and wear shorter skirts?"; "National leaders will have to display the highest skills of statesmanship" |
| v. (change) | 3. delay, detain, hold up | cause to be slowed down or delayed.; "Traffic was delayed by the bad weather"; "she delayed the work that she didn't want to perform" |
| ~ decelerate, slow, slow down, slow up, retard | lose velocity; move more slowly.; "The car decelerated" |
| ~ stonewall | engage in delaying tactics or refuse to cooperate.; "The President stonewalled when he realized the plot was being uncovered by a journalist" |
| ~ catch | delay or hold up; prevent from proceeding on schedule or as planned.; "I was caught in traffic and missed the meeting" |
| ~ stall | deliberately delay an event or action.; "she doesn't want to write the report, so she is stalling" |
| ~ buy time | act so as to delay an event or action in order to gain an advantage. |
| v. (possession) | 4. hold up, stick up | rob at gunpoint or by means of some other threat. |
| ~ crime, criminal offence, criminal offense, law-breaking, offense, offence | (criminal law) an act punishable by law; usually considered an evil act.; "a long record of crimes" |
| ~ assail, assault, set on, attack | attack someone physically or emotionally.; "The mugger assaulted the woman"; "Nightmares assailed him regularly" |
| ~ mug | rob at gunpoint or with the threat of violence.; "I was mugged in the streets of New York last night" |
| ~ rob | take something away by force or without the consent of the owner.; "The burglars robbed him of all his money" |
| v. (stative) | 5. endure, go, hold out, hold up, last, live, live on, survive | continue to live through hardship or adversity.; "We went without water and food for 3 days"; "These superstitions survive in the backwaters of America"; "The race car driver lived through several very serious accidents"; "how long can a person last without food and water?" |
| ~ live, be | have life, be alive.; "Our great leader is no more"; "My grandfather lived until the end of war" |
| ~ live, be | have life, be alive.; "Our great leader is no more"; "My grandfather lived until the end of war" |
| ~ subsist, exist, survive, live | support oneself.; "he could barely exist on such a low wage"; "Can you live on $2000 a month in New York City?"; "Many people in the world have to subsist on $1 a day" |
| ~ hold water, stand up, hold up | resist or withstand wear, criticism, etc..; "Her shoes won't hold up"; "This theory won't hold water" |
| ~ perennate | survive from season to season, of plants. |
| ~ live out | live out one's life; live to the end. |
| v. (stative) | 6. defy, hold, hold up, withstand | resist or confront with resistance.; "The politician defied public opinion"; "The new material withstands even the greatest wear and tear"; "The bridge held" |
| ~ stand firm, hold out, resist, withstand | stand up or offer resistance to somebody or something. |
| ~ brave, brave out, weather, endure | face and withstand with courage.; "She braved the elements" |
| v. (stative) | 7. hold up, hold water, stand up | resist or withstand wear, criticism, etc..; "Her shoes won't hold up"; "This theory won't hold water" |
| ~ live on, survive, last, endure, live, hold out, hold up, go | continue to live through hardship or adversity.; "We went without water and food for 3 days"; "These superstitions survive in the backwaters of America"; "The race car driver lived through several very serious accidents"; "how long can a person last without food and water?" |
| abstain | | |
| v. (social) | 1. abstain | refrain from voting. |
| ~ refrain, forbear | resist doing something.; "He refrained from hitting him back"; "she could not forbear weeping" |
| v. (consumption) | 2. abstain, desist, refrain | choose not to consume.; "I abstain from alcohol" |
| ~ fast | abstain from eating.; "Before the medical exam, you must fast" |
| ~ fast | abstain from certain foods, as for religious or medical reasons.; "Catholics sometimes fast during Lent" |
| ~ keep off, avoid | refrain from certain foods or beverages.; "I keep off drugs"; "During Ramadan, Muslims avoid tobacco during the day" |
| ~ teetotal | practice teetotalism and abstain from the consumption of alcoholic beverages. |
| preclude | | |
| v. (social) | 1. forbid, foreclose, forestall, preclude, prevent | keep from happening or arising; make impossible.; "My sense of tact forbids an honest answer"; "Your role in the projects precludes your involvement in the competitive project" |
| ~ make unnecessary, save | make unnecessary an expenditure or effort.; "This will save money"; "I'll save you the trouble"; "This will save you a lot of time" |
| ~ avert, deflect, fend off, forefend, forfend, head off, stave off, ward off, avoid, debar, obviate | prevent the occurrence of; prevent from happening.; "Let's avoid a confrontation"; "head off a confrontation"; "avert a strike" |
| ~ blockade, obstruct, stymie, stymy, block, embarrass, hinder | hinder or prevent the progress or accomplishment of.; "His brother blocked him at every turn" |
| ~ frustrate, queer, scotch, thwart, baffle, bilk, foil, cross, spoil | hinder or prevent (the efforts, plans, or desires) of.; "What ultimately frustrated every challenger was Ruth's amazing September surge"; "foil your opponent" |
| ~ kibosh, block, halt, stop | stop from happening or developing.; "Block his election"; "Halt the process" |
| v. (stative) | 2. close out, preclude, rule out | make impossible, especially beforehand. |
| ~ obviate, rid of, eliminate | do away with. |
| prevent | | |
| v. (social) | 1. keep, prevent | stop (someone or something) from doing something or being in a certain state.; "We must prevent the cancer from spreading"; "His snoring kept me from falling asleep"; "Keep the child from eating the marbles" |
| ~ defend | be on the defensive; act against an attack. |
| ~ keep | hold and prevent from leaving.; "The student was kept after school" |
| ~ keep out, shut out, exclude, shut | prevent from entering; shut out.; "The trees were shutting out all sunlight"; "This policy excludes people who have a criminal record from entering the country" |
| ~ hold | keep from departing.; "Hold the taxi"; "Hold the horse" |
| ~ keep away | prevent from coming close.; "I tried to keep the child away from the pool" |
| ~ blank | keep the opposing (baseball) team from winning. |
| ~ hinder, impede | be a hindrance or obstacle to.; "She is impeding the progress of our project" |
| ~ rain out, wash out | prevent or interrupt due to rain.; "The storm had washed out the game" |
| repress | | |
| v. (social) | 1. keep down, quash, reduce, repress, subdue, subjugate | put down by force or intimidation.; "The government quashes any attempt of an uprising"; "China keeps down her dissidents very efficiently"; "The rich landowners subjugated the peasants working the land" |
| ~ crush, oppress, suppress | come down on or keep down by unjust use of one's authority.; "The government oppresses political activists" |
| v. (contact) | 2. muffle, repress, smother, stifle, strangle | conceal or hide.; "smother a yawn"; "muffle one's anger"; "strangle a yawn" |
| ~ conquer, inhibit, stamp down, suppress, curb, subdue | to put down by force or authority.; "suppress a nascent uprising"; "stamp down on littering"; "conquer one's desires" |
| v. (cognition) | 3. repress, suppress | put out of one's consciousness. |
| ~ psychiatry, psychological medicine, psychopathology | the branch of medicine dealing with the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders. |
| ~ forget, bury | dismiss from the mind; stop remembering.; "I tried to bury these unpleasant memories" |
| ~ swallow | keep from expressing.; "I swallowed my anger and kept quiet" |
| v. (change) | 4. repress | block the action of. |
| ~ change | undergo a change; become different in essence; losing one's or its original nature.; "She changed completely as she grew older"; "The weather changed last night" |
| restrain | | |
| v. (social) | 1. hold back, keep, keep back, restrain | keep under control; keep in check.; "suppress a smile"; "Keep your temper"; "keep your cool" |
| ~ hold | keep from exhaling or expelling.; "hold your breath" |
| ~ confine | prevent from leaving or from being removed. |
| ~ bottle up, suppress, inhibit | control and refrain from showing; of emotions, desires, impulses, or behavior. |
| ~ bottle up, suppress, inhibit | control and refrain from showing; of emotions, desires, impulses, or behavior. |
| ~ curb, control, hold in, contain, moderate, check, hold | lessen the intensity of; temper; hold in restraint; hold or keep within limits.; "moderate your alcohol intake"; "hold your tongue"; "hold your temper"; "control your anger" |
| v. (change) | 2. bound, confine, limit, restrain, restrict, throttle, trammel | place limits on (extent or access).; "restrict the use of this parking lot"; "limit the time you can spend with your friends" |
| ~ tighten, reduce | narrow or limit.; "reduce the influx of foreigners" |
| ~ tie | limit or restrict to.; "I am tied to UNIX"; "These big jets are tied to large airports" |
| ~ gate | restrict (school boys') movement to the dormitory or campus as a means of punishment. |
| ~ draw a line, draw the line | reasonably object (to) or set a limit (on).; "I draw the line when it comes to lending money to friends!" |
| ~ mark off, mark out | set boundaries to and delimit.; "mark out the territory" |
| ~ harness, rein, rule | keep in check.; "rule one's temper" |
| ~ baffle, regulate | check the emission of (sound). |
| ~ hamper, cramp, halter, strangle | prevent the progress or free movement of.; "He was hampered in his efforts by the bad weather"; "the imperialist nation wanted to strangle the free trade between the two small countries" |
| ~ tighten up, constrain, stiffen, tighten | restrict.; "Tighten the rules"; "stiffen the regulations" |
| ~ clamp down, crack down | repress or suppress (something regarded as undesirable).; "The police clamped down on illegal drugs" |
| ~ inhibit | limit the range or extent of.; "Contact between the young was inhibited by strict social customs" |
| ~ constrain, cumber, encumber, restrain | hold back. |
| ~ curb, control, hold in, contain, moderate, check, hold | lessen the intensity of; temper; hold in restraint; hold or keep within limits.; "moderate your alcohol intake"; "hold your tongue"; "hold your temper"; "control your anger" |
| v. (contact) | 3. confine, hold, restrain | to close within bounds, limit or hold back from movement.; "This holds the local until the express passengers change trains"; "About a dozen animals were held inside the stockade"; "The illegal immigrants were held at a detention center"; "The terrorists held the journalists for ransom" |
| ~ disable, disenable, incapacitate | make unable to perform a certain action.; "disable this command on your computer" |
| ~ tie down, tie up, truss, bind | secure with or as if with ropes.; "tie down the prisoners"; "tie up the old newspapers and bring them to the recycling shed" |
| ~ fetter, shackle | restrain with fetters. |
| ~ enchain | restrain or bind with chains. |
| ~ pinion, shackle | bind the arms of. |
| ~ impound, pound | place or shut up in a pound.; "pound the cows so they don't stray" |
| ~ pound up, pound | shut up or confine in any enclosure or within any bounds or limits.; "The prisoners are safely pounded" |
| ~ pen up, fold | confine in a fold, like sheep. |
| ~ ground | confine or restrict to the ground.; "After the accident, they grounded the plane and the pilot" |
| v. (contact) | 4. constrain, cumber, encumber, restrain | hold back. |
| ~ confine, limit, throttle, restrain, trammel, bound, restrict | place limits on (extent or access).; "restrict the use of this parking lot"; "limit the time you can spend with your friends" |
| ~ bridle | put a bridle on.; "bridle horses" |
| ~ curb | keep to the curb.; "curb your dogs" |
| ~ clog | impede the motion of, as with a chain or a burden.; "horses were clogged until they were tamed" |
| v. (emotion) | 5. intimidate, restrain | to compel or deter by or as if by threats. |
| ~ warn | notify of danger, potential harm, or risk.; "The director warned him that he might be fired"; "The doctor warned me about the dangers of smoking" |
| ~ daunt, frighten away, frighten off, scare away, scare off, pall, scare, dash | cause to lose courage.; "dashed by the refusal" |
| ~ discourage | deprive of courage or hope; take away hope from; cause to feel discouraged. |
| restrict | | |
| v. (change) | 1. curb, curtail, cut back, restrict | place restrictions on.; "curtail drinking in school" |
| ~ circumscribe, confine, limit | restrict or confine,.; "I limit you to two visits to the pub a day" |
| ~ abridge | lessen, diminish, or curtail.; "the new law might abridge our freedom of expression" |
| ~ immobilise, immobilize | cause to be unable to move.; "The sudden storm immobilized the traffic" |
| v. (social) | 2. restrict | place under restrictions; limit access to.; "This substance is controlled" |
| ~ classify | declare unavailable, as for security reasons.; "Classify these documents" |
| ~ taboo | declare as sacred and forbidden. |
| ~ scant, skimp | limit in quality or quantity. |
| ~ localise, localize | restrict something to a particular area. |
| ~ curb, control, hold in, contain, moderate, check, hold | lessen the intensity of; temper; hold in restraint; hold or keep within limits.; "moderate your alcohol intake"; "hold your tongue"; "hold your temper"; "control your anger" |
| v. (change) | 3. qualify, restrict | make more specific.; "qualify these remarks" |
| ~ modify | make less severe or harsh or extreme.; "please modify this letter to make it more polite"; "he modified his views on same-gender marriage" |
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