| fungus | | |
| n. (plant) | 1. fungus | an organism of the kingdom Fungi lacking chlorophyll and feeding on organic matter; ranging from unicellular or multicellular organisms to spore-bearing syncytia. |
| ~ organism, being | a living thing that has (or can develop) the ability to act or function independently. |
| ~ immune reaction, immune response, immunologic response | a bodily defense reaction that recognizes an invading substance (an antigen: such as a virus or fungus or bacteria or transplanted organ) and produces antibodies specific against that antigen. |
| ~ pileus, cap | a fruiting structure resembling an umbrella or a cone that forms the top of a stalked fleshy fungus such as a mushroom. |
| ~ volva | cuplike structure around the base of the stalk of certain fungi. |
| ~ hymenium | spore-bearing layer of cells in certain fungi containing asci or basidia. |
| ~ ceratostomella ulmi, dutch elm fungus | fungus causing Dutch elm disease. |
| ~ claviceps purpurea, ergot | a fungus that infects various cereal plants forming compact black masses of branching filaments that replace many grains of the plant; source of medicinally important alkaloids and of lysergic acid. |
| ~ black root rot fungus, xylaria mali | fungus causing black root rot in apples. |
| ~ dead-man's-fingers, dead-men's-fingers, xylaria polymorpha | the fruiting bodies of the fungi of the genus Xylaria. |
| ~ sclerotinia | any fungus of the genus Sclerotinia; some causing brown rot diseases in plants. |
| ~ earthball, hard-skinned puffball, false truffle, puffball | any of various fungi of the genus Scleroderma having hard-skinned subterranean fruiting bodies resembling truffles. |
| ~ stalked puffball | mushroom of the genus Tulostoma that resembles a puffball. |
| ~ false truffle | any of various fungi of the family Rhizopogonaceae having subterranean fruiting bodies similar to the truffle. |
| ~ slime mold, slime mould | a naked mass of protoplasm having characteristics of both plants and animals; sometimes classified as protoctists. |
| ~ pond-scum parasite | an aquatic fungus of genus Synchytriaceae that is parasitic on pond scum. |
| ~ potato wart fungus, synchytrium endobioticum | fungus causing potato wart disease in potato tubers. |
| ~ saprolegnia ferax, white fungus | a fungus that attacks living fish and tadpoles and spawn causing white fungus disease: a coating of white hyphae on especially peripheral parts (as fins). |
| ~ white rust | fungus causing a disease characterized by a white powdery mass of conidia. |
| ~ pythium | any fungus of the genus Pythium. |
| ~ phytophthora citrophthora | causes brown rot gummosis in citrus fruits. |
| ~ phytophthora infestans | fungus causing late blight in solanaceous plants especially tomatoes and potatoes. |
| ~ clubroot fungus, plasmodiophora brassicae | a fungus resembling slime mold that causes swellings or distortions of the roots of cabbages and related plants. |
| ~ earth-ball, earthnut, truffle | any of various highly prized edible subterranean fungi of the genus Tuber; grow naturally in southwestern Europe. |
| ~ coral fungus | any of numerous fungi of the family Clavariaceae often brightly colored that grow in often intricately branched clusters like coral. |
| ~ tooth fungus | a fungus of the family Hydnaceae. |
| ~ lichen | any thallophytic plant of the division Lichenes; occur as crusty patches or bushy growths on tree trunks or rocks or bare ground etc.. |
| ~ fungi, fungus kingdom, kingdom fungi | the taxonomic kingdom including yeast, molds, smuts, mushrooms, and toadstools; distinct from the green plants. |
| ~ true fungus | any of numerous fungi of the division Eumycota. |
| ~ basidiomycete, basidiomycetous fungi | any of various fungi of the subdivision Basidiomycota. |
| ~ chinese black mushroom, golden oak mushroom, lentinus edodes, oriental black mushroom, shiitake, shiitake mushroom | edible east Asian mushroom having a golden or dark brown to blackish cap and an inedible stipe. |
| ~ lentinus lepideus, scaly lentinus | a fungus with a scaly cap and white flesh and a ring on the stalk (with scales below the ring); odor reminiscent of licorice. |
| ~ corticium salmonicolor, pink disease fungus | fungus causing pink disease in citrus and coffee and rubber trees etc. |
| ~ bottom rot fungus, corticium solani | fungus causing bottom rot in lettuce. |
| ~ pellicularia filamentosa, potato fungus, rhizoctinia solani | fungus causing a disease in potatoes characterized by black scurfy spots on the tubers. |
| ~ coffee fungus, pellicularia koleroga | fungus causing a disease in coffee and some other tropical plants. |
| ~ volvaria bombycina | a parasite on various trees. |
| ~ mycelium | the vegetative part of a fungus consisting of a mass of branching threadlike hyphae. |
| ~ sac fungus | any of various ascomycetous fungi in which the spores are formed in a sac or ascus. |
| ~ ascomycete, ascomycetous fungus | any fungus of the class Ascomycetes (or subdivision Ascomycota) in which the spores are formed inside an ascus. |
| ~ yeast | any of various single-celled fungi that reproduce asexually by budding or division. |
| ~ aspergillus fumigatus | a mold causing aspergillosis in birds and man. |
| ~ brown root rot fungus, thielavia basicola | fungus causing brown root rot in plants of the pea and potato and cucumber families. |
| ~ wynnea americana | a fungus composed of several apothecia that look like elongated rabbit ears; the sterile surface is dark brown and warty; the fertile surface is smooth and pinkish orange. |
| ~ wynnea sparassoides | a fungus with a long solid stalk embedded in soil and a yellow-brown head shaped like a cauliflower. |
| ~ false morel | a fungus of the family Helvellaceae. |
| ~ lorchel | a large fungus of the family Helvellaceae. |
| ~ gyromitra | any fungus of the genus Gyromitra. |
| ~ gasteromycete, gastromycete | any fungus of the class Gasteromycetes. |
| ~ carrion fungus, stinkhorn | any of various ill-smelling brown-capped fungi of the order Phallales.; "the foul smell of the stinkhorn attracts insects that carry the spores away on their feet" |
| ~ puffball, true puffball | any of various fungi of the family Lycoperdaceae whose round fruiting body discharges a cloud of spores when mature. |
| ~ earthstar | any fungus of the family Geastraceae; in form suggesting a puffball whose outer peridium splits into the shape of a star. |
| ~ radiigera fuscogleba | a fungus similar to an earthstar except that it does not open up; the spore mass is brown at maturity with a column of sterile tissue extending up into it. |
| ~ bird's-nest fungus | any of various fungi of the family Nidulariaceae having a cup-shaped body containing several egg-shaped structure enclosing the spores. |
| ~ gastrocybe lateritia | a species of Gastrocybe fungus that has a conic cap and a thin stalk; at first the stalk is upright but as it matures the stalk bends over and then downward; the cap then gelatinizes and a slimy mass containing the spores falls to the ground as the stalk collapses. |
| ~ macowanites americanus | a small fungus with a fragile cap that cracks to expose the white context and a white stalk that is practically enclosed by the cap. |
| ~ gastroboletus scabrosus | a dingy yellow brown fungus with a rough stalk that superficially resembles a bolete. |
| ~ gastroboletus turbinatus | a fungus with a cap that can vary from red to dark brown; superficially resembles a bolete. |
| ~ grifola frondosa, hen-of-the-woods, hen of the woods, polyporus frondosus | large greyish-brown edible fungus forming a mass of overlapping caps that somewhat resembles a hen at the base of trees. |
| ~ agaric, fomes igniarius | fungus used in the preparation of punk for fuses. |
| ~ bolete | any fungus of the family Boletaceae. |
| ~ jelly fungus | any fungus of the order Tremellales or Auriculariales whose fruiting body is jellylike in consistency when fresh. |
| ~ rust fungus, rust | any of various fungi causing rust disease in plants. |
| ~ smut fungus, smut | any fungus of the order Ustilaginales. |
| ~ felt fungus, septobasidium pseudopedicellatum | fungus that frequently encircles twigs and branches of various trees especially citrus trees in southern United States. |
| ~ mould, mold | a fungus that produces a superficial growth on various kinds of damp or decaying organic matter. |
| ~ mildew | a fungus that produces a superficial (usually white) growth on organic matter. |
| ~ verticillium | a fungus of the genus Verticillium. |
| ~ monilia | any of the yeastlike imperfect fungi of the genus Monilia. |
| ~ candida | any of the yeastlike imperfect fungi of the genus Candida. |
| ~ blastomycete | any of various yeastlike budding fungi of the genus Blastomyces; cause disease in humans and other animals. |
| ~ cercospora kopkei, yellow spot fungus | fungus causing yellow spot (a sugarcane disease in Australia). |
| ~ green smut fungus, ustilaginoidea virens | fungus causing green smut in rice. |
| ~ dry rot | a fungus causing dry rot. |
| ~ rhizoctinia | any fungus now or formerly belonging to the form genus Rhizoctinia. |
| ~ squamule | a minute scale. |
| ~ earth-tongue, earthtongue | any club-shaped fungus of the genus Geoglossum. |
| mold | | |
| n. (shape) | 1. cast, mold, mould, stamp | the distinctive form in which a thing is made.; "pottery of this cast was found throughout the region" |
| ~ solid | a three-dimensional shape. |
| n. (artifact) | 2. cast, mold, mould | container into which liquid is poured to create a given shape when it hardens. |
| ~ container | any object that can be used to hold things (especially a large metal boxlike object of standardized dimensions that can be loaded from one form of transport to another). |
| ~ form | a mold for setting concrete.; "they built elaborate forms for pouring the foundation" |
| ~ matrix | mold used in the production of phonograph records, type, or other relief surface. |
| ~ pig bed, pig | mold consisting of a bed of sand in which pig iron is cast. |
| ~ sandbox | mold consisting of a box with sand shaped to mold metal. |
| n. (substance) | 3. mold, mould | loose soil rich in organic matter. |
| ~ dirt, soil | the part of the earth's surface consisting of humus and disintegrated rock. |
| ~ leaf mold, leaf mould, leaf soil | soil composed mainly of decaying leaves. |
| n. (process) | 4. mildew, mold, mould | the process of becoming mildewed. |
| ~ spoiling, spoilage | the process of becoming spoiled. |
| n. (plant) | 5. mold, mould | a fungus that produces a superficial growth on various kinds of damp or decaying organic matter. |
| ~ mucor | any mold of the genus Mucor. |
| ~ rhizopus | any of various rot causing fungi of the genus Rhizopus. |
| ~ water mold | parasitic or saprobic organisms living chiefly in fresh water or moist soil. |
| ~ fungus | an organism of the kingdom Fungi lacking chlorophyll and feeding on organic matter; ranging from unicellular or multicellular organisms to spore-bearing syncytia. |
| n. (food) | 6. mold, mould | a dish or dessert that is formed in or on a mold.; "a lobster mold"; "a gelatin dessert made in a mold" |
| ~ dish | a particular item of prepared food.; "she prepared a special dish for dinner" |
| ~ afters, dessert, sweet | a dish served as the last course of a meal. |
| n. (attribute) | 7. mold, mould | a distinctive nature, character, or type.; "a leader in the mold of her predecessors" |
| ~ hallmark, stylemark, trademark, earmark | a distinctive characteristic or attribute. |
| n. (artifact) | 8. clay sculpture, modeling, mold, molding, mould, moulding | sculpture produced by molding. |
| ~ sculpture | a three-dimensional work of plastic art. |
| v. (creation) | 9. model, mold, mould | form in clay, wax, etc.; "model a head with clay" |
| ~ artistic creation, artistic production, art | the creation of beautiful or significant things.; "art does not need to be innovative to be good"; "I was never any good at art"; "he said that architecture is the art of wasting space beautifully" |
| ~ shape, mould, mold, form, forge, work | make something, usually for a specific function.; "She molded the rice balls carefully"; "Form cylinders from the dough"; "shape a figure"; "Work the metal into a sword" |
| v. (change) | 10. mildew, mold | become moldy; spoil due to humidity.; "The furniture molded in the old house" |
| ~ change | undergo a change; become different in essence; losing one's or its original nature.; "She changed completely as she grew older"; "The weather changed last night" |
| ~ smut | become affected with smut.; "the corn smutted and could not be eaten" |
| ~ dry-rot | affect or be affected with dry rot. |
| v. (creation) | 11. cast, mold, mould | form by pouring (e.g., wax or hot metal) into a cast or mold.; "cast a bronze sculpture" |
| ~ shape, mould, mold, form, forge, work | make something, usually for a specific function.; "She molded the rice balls carefully"; "Form cylinders from the dough"; "shape a figure"; "Work the metal into a sword" |
| ~ press out, press | press from a plastic.; "press a record" |
| ~ remold, remould, recast | cast again.; "The bell cracked and had to be recast" |
| ~ sand cast | pour molten metal into a mold of sand. |
| v. (creation) | 12. forge, form, mold, mould, shape, work | make something, usually for a specific function.; "She molded the rice balls carefully"; "Form cylinders from the dough"; "shape a figure"; "Work the metal into a sword" |
| ~ carve | form by carving.; "Carve a flower from the ice" |
| ~ swage, upset | form metals with a swage. |
| ~ chip | form by chipping.; "They chipped their names in the stone" |
| ~ layer | make or form a layer.; "layer the different colored sands" |
| ~ cut out | form and create by cutting out.; "Picasso cut out a guitar from a piece of paper" |
| ~ machine | turn, shape, mold, or otherwise finish by machinery. |
| ~ grind | shape or form by grinding.; "grind lenses for glasses and cameras" |
| ~ stamp | form or cut out with a mold, form, or die.; "stamp needles" |
| ~ puddle | subject to puddling or form by puddling.; "puddle iron" |
| ~ beat | shape by beating.; "beat swords into ploughshares" |
| ~ create from raw material, create from raw stuff | make from scratch. |
| ~ preform | form or shape beforehand or determine the shape of beforehand. |
| ~ preform | form into a shape resembling the final, desired one. |
| ~ mound | form into a rounded elevation.; "mound earth" |
| ~ hill | form into a hill. |
| ~ roughcast | shape roughly. |
| ~ remold, reshape | shape again or shape differently. |
| ~ sinter | cause (ores or powdery metals) to become a coherent mass by heating without melting. |
| ~ mould, mold, cast | form by pouring (e.g., wax or hot metal) into a cast or mold.; "cast a bronze sculpture" |
| ~ throw | make on a potter's wheel.; "she threw a beautiful teapot" |
| ~ hand-build, handbuild, coil | make without a potter's wheel.; "This famous potter hand-builds all of her vessels" |
| ~ work on, work, process | shape, form, or improve a material.; "work stone into tools"; "process iron"; "work the metal" |
| ~ sculpt, sculpture | create by shaping stone or wood or any other hard material.; "sculpt a swan out of a block of ice" |
| ~ mold, mould, model | form in clay, wax, etc.; "model a head with clay" |
| v. (contact) | 13. mold | fit tightly, follow the contours of.; "The dress molds her beautiful figure" |
| ~ cling, cohere, adhere, cleave, stick | come or be in close contact with; stick or hold together and resist separation.; "The dress clings to her body"; "The label stuck to the box"; "The sushi rice grains cohere" |
| v. (cognition) | 14. determine, influence, mold, regulate, shape | shape or influence; give direction to.; "experience often determines ability"; "mold public opinion" |
| ~ dispose, incline | make receptive or willing towards an action or attitude or belief.; "Their language inclines us to believe them" |
| ~ disincline, indispose | make unwilling. |
| ~ miscreate | shape or form or make badly.; "Our miscreated fantasies" |
| ~ carry weight | have influence to a specified degree.; "Her opinion carries a lot of weight" |
| ~ decide | influence or determine.; "The vote in New Hampshire often decides the outcome of the Presidential election" |
| ~ reshape | shape anew or differently.; "The new foreign minister reshaped the foreign policy of his country" |
| ~ time | set the speed, duration, or execution of.; "we time the process to manufacture our cars very precisely" |
| ~ index | adjust through indexation.; "The government indexes wages and prices" |
| ~ pace | regulate or set the pace of.; "Pace your efforts" |
| ~ predetermine | determine beforehand. |
| ~ cause, do, make | give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally.; "cause a commotion"; "make a stir"; "cause an accident" |
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