| evidence | | |
| n. (cognition) | 1. evidence, grounds | your basis for belief or disbelief; knowledge on which to base belief.; "the evidence that smoking causes lung cancer is very compelling" |
| ~ information | knowledge acquired through study or experience or instruction. |
| ~ probable cause | (law) evidence sufficient to warrant an arrest or search and seizure.; "a magistrate determined that there was probable cause to search the house" |
| ~ cogent evidence, proof | any factual evidence that helps to establish the truth of something.; "if you have any proof for what you say, now is the time to produce it" |
| ~ disproof, falsification, refutation | any evidence that helps to establish the falsity of something. |
| ~ track, lead, trail | evidence pointing to a possible solution.; "the police are following a promising lead"; "the trail led straight to the perpetrator" |
| ~ symptom | (medicine) any sensation or change in bodily function that is experienced by a patient and is associated with a particular disease. |
| ~ sign | (medicine) any objective evidence of the presence of a disorder or disease.; "there were no signs of asphyxiation" |
| n. (communication) | 2. evidence | an indication that makes something evident.; "his trembling was evidence of his fear" |
| ~ smoking gun | indisputable evidence (especially of a crime). |
| ~ clew, clue, cue | evidence that helps to solve a problem. |
| ~ footprint evidence | evidence in the form of footprints.; "there was footprint evidence that he had been at the scene of the crime" |
| ~ record | anything (such as a document or a phonograph record or a photograph) providing permanent evidence of or information about past events.; "the film provided a valuable record of stage techniques" |
| ~ testimonial, testimony | something that serves as evidence.; "his effort was testimony to his devotion" |
| ~ argument, statement | a fact or assertion offered as evidence that something is true.; "it was a strong argument that his hypothesis was true" |
| ~ attestation | the evidence by which something is attested. |
| ~ indicant, indication | something that serves to indicate or suggest.; "an indication of foul play"; "indications of strain"; "symptoms are the prime indicants of disease" |
| ~ identification | evidence of identity; something that identifies a person or thing. |
| n. (communication) | 3. evidence | (law) all the means by which any alleged matter of fact whose truth is investigated at judicial trial is established or disproved. |
| ~ info, information | a message received and understood. |
| ~ exhibit | an object or statement produced before a court of law and referred to while giving evidence. |
| ~ testimony | a solemn statement made under oath. |
| ~ corpus delicti | the body of evidence that constitute the offence; the objective proof that a crime has been committed (sometimes mistakenly thought to refer to the body of a homicide victim). |
| ~ direct evidence | evidence (usually the testimony of a witness) directly related to the fact in dispute. |
| ~ circumstantial evidence, indirect evidence | evidence providing only a basis for inference about the fact in dispute. |
| ~ corroborating evidence | additional evidence or evidence of different kind that supports a proof already offered in a proceeding. |
| ~ hearsay evidence | evidence based on what someone has told the witness and not of direct knowledge. |
| ~ state's evidence | evidence for the prosecution in criminal proceedings. |
| ~ law, jurisprudence | the collection of rules imposed by authority.; "civilization presupposes respect for the law"; "the great problem for jurisprudence to allow freedom while enforcing order" |
| v. (communication) | 4. attest, certify, demonstrate, evidence, manifest | provide evidence for; stand as proof of; show by one's behavior, attitude, or external attributes.; "His high fever attested to his illness"; "The buildings in Rome manifest a high level of architectural sophistication"; "This decision demonstrates his sense of fairness" |
| ~ authenticate | establish the authenticity of something. |
| ~ attest | establish or verify the usage of.; "This word is not attested until 1993" |
| ~ reflect | give evidence of the quality of.; "The mess in his dorm room reflects on the student" |
| ~ reflect | give evidence of a certain behavior.; "His lack of interest in the project reflects badly on him" |
| ~ notarise, notarize | authenticate as a notary.; "We had to have the signature notarized" |
| ~ bear witness, evidence, testify, prove, show | provide evidence for.; "The blood test showed that he was the father"; "Her behavior testified to her incompetence" |
| ~ condemn | demonstrate the guilt of (someone).; "Her strange behavior condemned her" |
| v. (communication) | 5. bear witness, evidence, prove, show, testify | provide evidence for.; "The blood test showed that he was the father"; "Her behavior testified to her incompetence" |
| ~ law, jurisprudence | the collection of rules imposed by authority.; "civilization presupposes respect for the law"; "the great problem for jurisprudence to allow freedom while enforcing order" |
| ~ attest, certify, evidence, manifest, demonstrate | provide evidence for; stand as proof of; show by one's behavior, attitude, or external attributes.; "His high fever attested to his illness"; "The buildings in Rome manifest a high level of architectural sophistication"; "This decision demonstrates his sense of fairness" |
| ~ inform | impart knowledge of some fact, state or affairs, or event to.; "I informed him of his rights" |
| ~ presume | constitute reasonable evidence for.; "A restaurant bill presumes the consumption of food" |
| ~ abduce, adduce, cite | advance evidence for. |
| v. (communication) | 6. evidence, tell | give evidence.; "he was telling on all his former colleague" |
| ~ inform | act as an informer.; "She had informed on her own parents for years" |
| proof | | |
| n. (cognition) | 1. cogent evidence, proof | any factual evidence that helps to establish the truth of something.; "if you have any proof for what you say, now is the time to produce it" |
| ~ evidence, grounds | your basis for belief or disbelief; knowledge on which to base belief.; "the evidence that smoking causes lung cancer is very compelling" |
| ~ confirmation, substantiation, verification, check | additional proof that something that was believed (some fact or hypothesis or theory) is correct.; "fossils provided further confirmation of the evolutionary theory" |
| ~ validation, establishment | the cognitive process of establishing a valid proof. |
| n. (communication) | 2. proof | a formal series of statements showing that if one thing is true something else necessarily follows from it. |
| ~ math, mathematics, maths | a science (or group of related sciences) dealing with the logic of quantity and shape and arrangement. |
| ~ logic | the branch of philosophy that analyzes inference. |
| ~ mathematical proof | proof of a mathematical theorem. |
| ~ logical proof | proof of a logical theorem. |
| ~ monstrance, demonstration | proof by a process of argument or a series of proposition proving an asserted conclusion. |
| ~ argument, statement | a fact or assertion offered as evidence that something is true.; "it was a strong argument that his hypothesis was true" |
| n. (quantity) | 3. proof | a measure of alcoholic strength expressed as an integer twice the percentage of alcohol present (by volume). |
| ~ quantity, measure, amount | how much there is or how many there are of something that you can quantify. |
| n. (communication) | 4. proof, test copy, trial impression | (printing) an impression made to check for errors. |
| ~ printing, impression | all the copies of a work printed at one time.; "they ran off an initial printing of 2000 copies" |
| ~ galley proof | a proof taken before the type is broken up to print pages. |
| ~ foundry proof | a proof taken from a form before duplicate plates are made. |
| ~ printing process, printing | reproduction by applying ink to paper as for publication. |
| n. (artifact) | 5. proof | a trial photographic print from a negative. |
| ~ photographic print, print | a printed picture produced from a photographic negative. |
| n. (act) | 6. proof, substantiation, validation | the act of validating; finding or testing the truth of something. |
| ~ determination, finding | the act of determining the properties of something, usually by research or calculation.; "the determination of molecular structures" |
| ~ authentication, certification | validating the authenticity of something or someone. |
| ~ documentation, support | documentary validation.; "his documentation of the results was excellent"; "the strongest support for this view is the work of Jones" |
| ~ monetisation, monetization | establishing something (e.g. gold or silver) as the legal tender of a country. |
| ~ probate | the act of proving that an instrument purporting to be a will was signed and executed in accord with legal requirements. |
| v. (creation) | 7. proof | make or take a proof of, such as a photographic negative, an etching, or typeset. |
| ~ produce, create, make | create or manufacture a man-made product.; "We produce more cars than we can sell"; "The company has been making toys for two centuries" |
| v. (contact) | 8. proof | knead to reach proper lightness.; "proof dough" |
| ~ knead, work | make uniform.; "knead dough"; "work the clay until it is soft" |
| v. (cognition) | 9. proof, proofread | read for errors.; "I should proofread my manuscripts" |
| ~ read | interpret something that is written or printed.; "read the advertisement"; "Have you read Salman Rushdie?" |
| ~ insure, see to it, ascertain, ensure, check, assure, control, see | be careful or certain to do something; make certain of something.; "He verified that the valves were closed"; "See that the curtains are closed"; "control the quality of the product" |
| v. (change) | 10. proof | activate by mixing with water and sometimes sugar or milk.; "proof yeast" |
| ~ alter, change, modify | cause to change; make different; cause a transformation.; "The advent of the automobile may have altered the growth pattern of the city"; "The discussion has changed my thinking about the issue" |
| v. (change) | 11. proof | make resistant (to harm).; "proof the materials against shrinking in the dryer" |
| ~ bombproof | make safe against bombings. |
| ~ bulletproof | make bulletproof.; "bulletproof the car" |
| ~ child-proof, childproof | make safe against children.; "childproof the apartment" |
| ~ foolproof, goof-proof, goofproof | proof against human misuse or error.; "foolproof this appliance" |
| ~ fireproof | make resistant to fire. |
| ~ weatherproof | make resistant to bad weather. |
| ~ strengthen | gain strength.; "His body strengthened" |
| adj. | 12. proof | (used in combination or as a suffix) able to withstand.; "temptation-proof"; "childproof locks" |
| ~ imperviable, impervious | not admitting of passage or capable of being affected.; "a material impervious to water"; "someone impervious to argument" |
| truth | | |
| n. (cognition) | 1. truth | a fact that has been verified.; "at last he knew the truth"; "the truth is that he didn't want to do it" |
| ~ fact | a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred.; "first you must collect all the facts of the case" |
| ~ home truth | an important truth that is unpleasant to acknowledge (as about yourself). |
| ~ verity | an enduring or necessary ethical or religious or aesthetic truth. |
| n. (state) | 2. the true, trueness, truth, verity | conformity to reality or actuality.; "they debated the truth of the proposition"; "the situation brought home to us the blunt truth of the military threat"; "he was famous for the truth of his portraits"; "he turned to religion in his search for eternal verities" |
| ~ actuality | the state of actually existing objectively.; "a hope that progressed from possibility to actuality" |
| n. (communication) | 3. true statement, truth | a true statement.; "he told the truth"; "he thought of answering with the truth but he knew they wouldn't believe it" |
| ~ statement | a message that is stated or declared; a communication (oral or written) setting forth particulars or facts etc.; "according to his statement he was in London on that day" |
| ~ gospel truth, gospel | an unquestionable truth.; "his word was gospel" |
| ~ tautology | (logic) a statement that is necessarily true.; "the statement `he is brave or he is not brave' is a tautology" |
| ~ truism | an obvious truth. |
| n. (attribute) | 4. accuracy, truth | the quality of being near to the true value.; "he was beginning to doubt the accuracy of his compass"; "the lawyer questioned the truth of my account" |
| ~ quality | an essential and distinguishing attribute of something or someone.; "the quality of mercy is not strained" |
| ~ exactitude, exactness | the quality of being exact.; "he demanded exactness in all details"; "a man of great exactitude" |
| ~ fidelity | accuracy with which an electronic system reproduces the sound or image of its input signal. |
| n. (person) | 5. sojourner truth, truth | United States abolitionist and feminist who was freed from slavery and became a leading advocate of the abolition of slavery and for the rights of women (1797-1883). |
| ~ abolitionist, emancipationist | a reformer who favors abolishing slavery. |
| ~ feminist, libber, women's liberationist, women's rightist | a supporter of feminism. |
| verification | | |
| n. (cognition) | 1. check, confirmation, substantiation, verification | additional proof that something that was believed (some fact or hypothesis or theory) is correct.; "fossils provided further confirmation of the evolutionary theory" |
| ~ cogent evidence, proof | any factual evidence that helps to establish the truth of something.; "if you have any proof for what you say, now is the time to produce it" |
| ~ bed check | a check that everyone is in bed by the time they should be. |
| ~ crosscheck | an instance of confirming something by considering information from several sources. |
| ~ odd-even check, parity check, redundancy check | a system of checking for errors in computer functioning. |
| ~ checksum | a digit representing the sum of the digits in an instance of digital data; used to check whether errors have occurred in transmission or storage. |
| n. (communication) | 2. verification | (law) an affidavit attached to a statement confirming the truth of that statement. |
| ~ affidavit | written declaration made under oath; a written statement sworn to be true before someone legally authorized to administer an oath. |
| ~ law, jurisprudence | the collection of rules imposed by authority.; "civilization presupposes respect for the law"; "the great problem for jurisprudence to allow freedom while enforcing order" |
| prove | | |
| v. (stative) | 1. prove, turn out, turn up | be shown or be found to be.; "She proved to be right"; "The medicine turned out to save her life"; "She turned up HIV positive" |
| ~ be | have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun).; "John is rich"; "This is not a good answer" |
| ~ ensue, result | issue or terminate (in a specified way, state, etc.); end.; "result in tragedy" |
| v. (cognition) | 2. demonstrate, establish, prove, shew, show | establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment.; "The experiment demonstrated the instability of the compound"; "The mathematician showed the validity of the conjecture" |
| ~ prove oneself | show one's ability or courage. |
| ~ prove | prove formally; demonstrate by a mathematical, formal proof. |
| ~ affirm, confirm, corroborate, substantiate, support, sustain | establish or strengthen as with new evidence or facts.; "his story confirmed my doubts"; "The evidence supports the defendant" |
| ~ negate, contradict | prove negative; show to be false. |
| ~ stultify | prove to be of unsound mind or demonstrate someone's incompetence.; "nobody is legally allowed to stultify himself" |
| v. (cognition) | 3. prove | prove formally; demonstrate by a mathematical, formal proof. |
| ~ math, mathematics, maths | a science (or group of related sciences) dealing with the logic of quantity and shape and arrangement. |
| ~ shew, demonstrate, prove, show, establish | establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment.; "The experiment demonstrated the instability of the compound"; "The mathematician showed the validity of the conjecture" |
| v. (social) | 4. essay, examine, prove, test, try, try out | put to the test, as for its quality, or give experimental use to.; "This approach has been tried with good results"; "Test this recipe" |
| ~ pass judgment, evaluate, judge | form a critical opinion of.; "I cannot judge some works of modern art"; "How do you evaluate this grant proposal?"; "We shouldn't pass judgment on other people" |
| ~ verify, control | check or regulate (a scientific experiment) by conducting a parallel experiment or comparing with another standard.; "Are you controlling for the temperature?" |
| ~ float | circulate or discuss tentatively; test the waters with.; "The Republicans are floating the idea of a tax reform" |
| ~ field-test | test something under the conditions under which it will actually be used.; "The Army field tested the new tanks" |
| v. (motion) | 5. prove, rise | increase in volume.; "the dough rose slowly in the warm room" |
| ~ grow | become larger, greater, or bigger; expand or gain.; "The problem grew too large for me"; "Her business grew fast" |
| v. (motion) | 6. leaven, prove, raise | cause to puff up with a leaven.; "unleavened bread" |
| ~ lift, elevate, raise, get up, bring up | raise from a lower to a higher position.; "Raise your hands"; "Lift a load" |
| ~ prove, rise | increase in volume.; "the dough rose slowly in the warm room" |
| v. (creation) | 7. prove | take a trial impression of. |
| ~ print, impress | reproduce by printing. |
| v. (cognition) | 8. prove | obtain probate of.; "prove a will" |
| ~ law, jurisprudence | the collection of rules imposed by authority.; "civilization presupposes respect for the law"; "the great problem for jurisprudence to allow freedom while enforcing order" |
| ~ authenticate | establish the authenticity of something. |
| stump | | |
| n. (plant) | 1. stump, tree stump | the base part of a tree that remains standing after the tree has been felled. |
| ~ plant part, plant structure | any part of a plant or fungus. |
| ~ tree | a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms. |
| ~ stool | (forestry) the stump of a tree that has been felled or headed for the production of saplings. |
| n. (body) | 2. stump | the part of a limb or tooth that remains after the rest is removed. |
| ~ body part | any part of an organism such as an organ or extremity. |
| ~ tooth | hard bonelike structures in the jaws of vertebrates; used for biting and chewing or for attack and defense. |
| ~ limb | one of the jointed appendages of an animal used for locomotion or grasping: arm; leg; wing; flipper. |
| n. (artifact) | 3. stump | (cricket) any of three upright wooden posts that form the wicket. |
| ~ cricket | a game played with a ball and bat by two teams of 11 players; teams take turns trying to score runs. |
| ~ post | an upright consisting of a piece of timber or metal fixed firmly in an upright position.; "he set a row of posts in the ground and strung barbwire between them" |
| ~ grille, lattice, wicket | small opening (like a window in a door) through which business can be transacted. |
| n. (artifact) | 4. ambo, dais, podium, pulpit, rostrum, soapbox, stump | a platform raised above the surrounding level to give prominence to the person on it. |
| ~ platform | a raised horizontal surface.; "the speaker mounted the platform" |
| v. (cognition) | 5. mix up, stump | cause to be perplexed or confounded.; "This problem stumped her" |
| ~ baffle, bewilder, dumbfound, flummox, mystify, nonplus, perplex, puzzle, amaze, stupefy, gravel, vex, pose, stick, beat, get | be a mystery or bewildering to.; "This beats me!"; "Got me--I don't know the answer!"; "a vexing problem"; "This question really stuck me" |
| v. (motion) | 6. stamp, stomp, stump | walk heavily.; "The men stomped through the snow in their heavy boots" |
| ~ walk | use one's feet to advance; advance by steps.; "Walk, don't run!"; "We walked instead of driving"; "She walks with a slight limp"; "The patient cannot walk yet"; "Walk over to the cabinet" |
| v. (competition) | 7. stump | travel through a district and make political speeches.; "the candidate stumped the Northeast" |
| ~ campaign, run | run, stand, or compete for an office or a position.; "Who's running for treasurer this year?" |
| v. (change) | 8. stump | remove tree stumps from.; "stump a field" |
| ~ clear | remove.; "clear the leaves from the lawn"; "Clear snow from the road" |
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