| grain | | |
| n. (object) | 1. grain | a relatively small granular particle of a substance.; "a grain of sand"; "a grain of sugar" |
| ~ granule | a tiny grain. |
| ~ corpuscle, mote, particle, atom, molecule, speck | (nontechnical usage) a tiny piece of anything. |
| n. (food) | 2. cereal, food grain, grain | foodstuff prepared from the starchy grains of cereal grasses. |
| ~ food product, foodstuff | a substance that can be used or prepared for use as food. |
| ~ edible corn, corn | ears of corn that can be prepared and served for human food. |
| ~ grist | grain intended to be or that has been ground. |
| ~ groats | the hulled and crushed grain of various cereals. |
| ~ millet | small seed of any of various annual cereal grasses especially Setaria italica. |
| ~ barley, barleycorn | a grain of barley. |
| ~ buckwheat | grain ground into flour. |
| ~ wheat, wheat berry | grains of common wheat; sometimes cooked whole or cracked as cereal; usually ground into flour. |
| ~ oat | seed of the annual grass Avena sativa (spoken of primarily in the plural as `oats'). |
| ~ rice | grains used as food either unpolished or more often polished. |
| ~ indian rice, wild rice | grains of aquatic grass of North America. |
| ~ malt | a cereal grain (usually barley) that is kiln-dried after having been germinated by soaking in water; used especially in brewing and distilling. |
| n. (substance) | 3. grain | the side of leather from which the hair has been removed. |
| ~ leather | an animal skin made smooth and flexible by removing the hair and then tanning. |
| n. (quantity) | 4. grain, metric grain | a weight unit used for pearls or diamonds: 50 mg or 1/4 carat. |
| ~ metric weight unit, weight unit | a decimal unit of weight based on the gram. |
| ~ mg, milligram | one thousandth (1/1,000) gram. |
| ~ decigram, dg | 1/10 gram. |
| n. (quantity) | 5. grain | 1/60 dram; equals an avoirdupois grain or 64.799 milligrams. |
| ~ troy unit | any of the unit of the troy system of weights. |
| ~ apothecaries' unit, apothecaries' weight | any weight unit used in pharmacy; an ounce is equal to 480 grains and a pound is equal to 12 ounces. |
| ~ scruple | a unit of apothecary weight equal to 20 grains. |
| ~ pennyweight | a unit of apothecary weight equal to 24 grains. |
| n. (quantity) | 6. grain | 1/7000 pound; equals a troy grain or 64.799 milligrams. |
| ~ avoirdupois unit | any of the units of the avoirdupois system of weights. |
| ~ dram | 1/16 ounce or 1.771 grams. |
| n. (plant) | 7. caryopsis, grain | dry seed-like fruit produced by the cereal grasses: e.g. wheat, barley, Indian corn. |
| ~ amaranth | seed of amaranth plants used as a native cereal in Central and South America. |
| ~ barleycorn | a grain of barley. |
| ~ wheat berry | a grain of wheat. |
| ~ kernel | a single whole grain of a cereal.; "a kernel of corn" |
| ~ rye | the seed of the cereal grass. |
| ~ seed | a small hard fruit. |
| n. (plant) | 8. grain | a cereal grass.; "wheat is a grain that is grown in Kansas" |
| ~ cereal, cereal grass | grass whose starchy grains are used as food: wheat; rice; rye; oats; maize; buckwheat; millet. |
| n. (attribute) | 9. grain | the smallest possible unit of anything.; "there was a grain of truth in what he said"; "he does not have a grain of sense" |
| ~ littleness, smallness | the property of having a relatively small size. |
| n. (attribute) | 10. grain | the direction, texture, or pattern of fibers found in wood or leather or stone or in a woven fabric.; "saw the board across the grain" |
| ~ texture | the characteristic appearance of a surface having a tactile quality. |
| ~ wood grain, woodgrain, woodiness | texture produced by the fibers in wood. |
| ~ graining, woodgraining | a texture like that of wood. |
| n. (attribute) | 11. grain, texture | the physical composition of something (especially with respect to the size and shape of the small constituents of a substance).; "breadfruit has the same texture as bread"; "sand of a fine grain"; "fish with a delicate flavor and texture"; "a stone of coarse grain" |
| ~ physical composition, composition, make-up, makeup, constitution | the way in which someone or something is composed. |
| v. (contact) | 12. grain, ingrain | thoroughly work in.; "His hands were grained with dirt" |
| ~ penetrate, perforate | pass into or through, often by overcoming resistance.; "The bullet penetrated her chest" |
| v. (contact) | 13. grain | paint (a surface) to make it look like stone or wood. |
| ~ paint | apply paint to; coat with paint.; "We painted the rooms yellow" |
| v. (change) | 14. grain, granulate | form into grains. |
| ~ granulate, grain | become granular. |
| ~ form | assume a form or shape.; "the water formed little beads" |
| v. (change) | 15. grain, granulate | become granular. |
| ~ change form, change shape, deform | assume a different shape or form. |
| kernel | | |
| n. (plant) | 1. kernel, meat | the inner and usually edible part of a seed or grain or nut or fruit stone.; "black walnut kernels are difficult to get out of the shell" |
| ~ plant part, plant structure | any part of a plant or fungus. |
| ~ seed | a small hard fruit. |
| n. (plant) | 2. kernel | a single whole grain of a cereal.; "a kernel of corn" |
| ~ corn | the dried grains or kernels or corn used as animal feed or ground for meal. |
| ~ caryopsis, grain | dry seed-like fruit produced by the cereal grasses: e.g. wheat, barley, Indian corn. |
| n. (cognition) | 3. center, centre, core, essence, gist, heart, heart and soul, inwardness, kernel, marrow, meat, nitty-gritty, nub, pith, substance, sum | the choicest or most essential or most vital part of some idea or experience.; "the gist of the prosecutor's argument"; "the heart and soul of the Republican Party"; "the nub of the story" |
| ~ cognitive content, mental object, content | the sum or range of what has been perceived, discovered, or learned. |
| ~ bare bones | (plural) the most basic facts or elements.; "he told us only the bare bones of the story" |
| ~ hypostasis | (metaphysics) essential nature or underlying reality. |
| ~ haecceity, quiddity | the essence that makes something the kind of thing it is and makes it different from any other. |
| ~ quintessence | the purest and most concentrated essence of something. |
| ~ stuff | a critically important or characteristic component.; "suspense is the very stuff of narrative" |
| particle | | |
| n. (substance) | 1. atom, corpuscle, molecule, mote, particle, speck | (nontechnical usage) a tiny piece of anything. |
| ~ grain | a relatively small granular particle of a substance.; "a grain of sand"; "a grain of sugar" |
| ~ grinding | material resulting from the process of grinding.; "vegetable grindings clogged the drain" |
| ~ material, stuff | the tangible substance that goes into the makeup of a physical object.; "coal is a hard black material"; "wheat is the stuff they use to make bread" |
| ~ chylomicron | a microscopic particle of triglycerides produced in the intestines during digestion; in the bloodstream they release their fatty acids into the blood. |
| ~ flyspeck | a tiny dark speck made by the excrement of a fly. |
| ~ identification particle | a tiny particle of material that can be added to a product to indicate the source of manufacture. |
| n. (object) | 2. particle, subatomic particle | a body having finite mass and internal structure but negligible dimensions. |
| ~ virion | (virology) a complete viral particle; nucleic acid and capsid (and a lipid envelope in some viruses). |
| ~ alpha particle | a positively charged particle that is the nucleus of the helium atom; emitted from natural or radioactive isotopes. |
| ~ beta particle | a high-speed electron or positron emitted in the decay of a radioactive isotope. |
| ~ body | an individual 3-dimensional object that has mass and that is distinguishable from other objects.; "heavenly body" |
| ~ boson | any particle that obeys Bose-Einstein statistics but not the Pauli exclusion principle; all nuclei with an even mass number are bosons. |
| ~ deuteron | the nucleus of deuterium; consists of one proton and one neutron; used as a bombarding particle in accelerators. |
| ~ elementary particle, fundamental particle | (physics) a particle that is less complex than an atom; regarded as constituents of all matter. |
| ~ fermion | any particle that obeys Fermi-Dirac statistics and is subject to the Pauli exclusion principle. |
| ~ ion | a particle that is electrically charged (positive or negative); an atom or molecule or group that has lost or gained one or more electrons. |
| ~ magnetic monopole | a hypothetical particle with a single magnetic pole instead of the usual two. |
| ~ micelle | an electrically charged particle built up from polymeric molecules or ions and occurring in certain colloidal electrolytic solutions like soaps and detergents. |
| ~ prion | (microbiology) an infectious protein particle similar to a virus but lacking nucleic acid; thought to be the agent responsible for scrapie and other degenerative diseases of the nervous system. |
| ~ virino | (microbiology) a hypothetical infectious particle thought to be the cause of scrapie and other degenerative diseases of the central nervous system; consists of nucleic acid in a protective coat of host cell proteins. |
| ~ scintilla | a sparkling glittering particle. |
| ~ superstring | a hypothetical particle that is the elementary particle in a theory of space-time. |
| ~ thermion | an electrically charged particle (electron or ion) emitted by a substance at a high temperature. |
| n. (communication) | 3. particle | a function word that can be used in English to form phrasal verbs. |
| ~ closed-class word, function word | a word that is uninflected and serves a grammatical function but has little identifiable meaning. |
| strand | | |
| n. (cognition) | 1. strand | a pattern forming a unity within a larger structural whole.; "he tried to pick up the strands of his former life"; "I could hear several melodic strands simultaneously" |
| ~ pattern, form, shape | a perceptual structure.; "the composition presents problems for students of musical form"; "a visual pattern must include not only objects but the spaces between them" |
| n. (artifact) | 2. strand | line consisting of a complex of fibers or filaments that are twisted together to form a thread or a rope or a cable. |
| ~ line | something (as a cord or rope) that is long and thin and flexible.; "a washing line" |
| ~ ply | one of the strands twisted together to make yarn or rope or thread; often used in combination.; "three-ply cord"; "four-ply yarn" |
| ~ rope yarn | the strands out of which ropes are made. |
| n. (artifact) | 3. chain, strand, string | a necklace made by a stringing objects together.; "a string of beads"; "a strand of pearls" |
| ~ necklace | jewelry consisting of a cord or chain (often bearing gems) worn about the neck as an ornament (especially by women). |
| n. (substance) | 4. fibril, filament, strand | a very slender natural or synthetic fiber. |
| ~ barb | one of the parallel filaments projecting from the main shaft of a feather. |
| ~ cobweb, gossamer | filaments from a web that was spun by a spider. |
| ~ chromatid | one of two identical strands into which a chromosome splits during mitosis. |
| ~ myofibril, myofibrilla, sarcostyle | one of many contractile filaments that make up a striated muscle fiber. |
| ~ rhizoid | any of various slender filaments that function as roots in mosses and ferns and fungi etc. |
| ~ hypha | any of the threadlike filaments forming the mycelium of a fungus. |
| ~ paraphysis | a sterile simple or branched filament or hair borne among sporangia; may be pointed or clubbed. |
| ~ fiber, fibre | a slender and greatly elongated substance capable of being spun into yarn. |
| n. (object) | 5. strand | a poetic term for a shore (as the area periodically covered and uncovered by the tides). |
| ~ shore | the land along the edge of a body of water. |
| n. (location) | 6. strand | a street in west central London famous for its theaters and hotels. |
| ~ street | a thoroughfare (usually including sidewalks) that is lined with buildings.; "they walked the streets of the small town"; "he lives on Nassau Street" |
| ~ west end | the part of west central London containing the main entertainment and shopping areas. |
| v. (possession) | 7. maroon, strand | leave stranded or isolated with little hope of rescue.; "the travellers were marooned" |
| ~ desert, desolate, forsake, abandon | leave someone who needs or counts on you; leave in the lurch.; "The mother deserted her children" |
| v. (motion) | 8. strand | drive (a vessel) ashore. |
| ~ land | bring ashore.; "The drug smugglers landed the heroin on the beach of the island" |
| v. (motion) | 9. ground, run aground, strand | bring to the ground.; "the storm grounded the ship" |
| ~ run aground, ground | hit or reach the ground. |
| ~ land | bring ashore.; "The drug smugglers landed the heroin on the beach of the island" |
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