conviction | | |
n. (cognition) | 1. article of faith, conviction, strong belief | an unshakable belief in something without need for proof or evidence. |
| ~ belief | any cognitive content held as true. |
| ~ amateurism | the conviction that people should participate in sports as a hobby (for the fun of it) rather than for money. |
n. (act) | 2. condemnation, conviction, judgment of conviction, sentence | (criminal law) a final judgment of guilty in a criminal case and the punishment that is imposed.; "the conviction came as no surprise" |
| ~ final decision, final judgment | a judgment disposing of the case before the court; after the judgment (or an appeal from it) is rendered all that remains is to enforce the judgment. |
| ~ murder conviction | conviction for murder. |
| ~ rape conviction | conviction for rape. |
| ~ robbery conviction | conviction for robbery. |
| ~ criminal law | the body of law dealing with crimes and their punishment. |
creed | | |
n. (cognition) | 1. credo, creed | any system of principles or beliefs. |
| ~ testament | a profession of belief.; "he stated his political testament" |
| ~ doctrine, ism, philosophical system, philosophy, school of thought | a belief (or system of beliefs) accepted as authoritative by some group or school. |
| ~ athanasian creed | a Christian profession of faith. |
n. (communication) | 2. church doctrine, creed, gospel, religious doctrine | the written body of teachings of a religious group that are generally accepted by that group. |
| ~ original sin | a sin said to be inherited by all descendants of Adam.; "Adam and Eve committed the original sin when they ate the forbidden fruit in the Garden of Eden" |
| ~ doctrine, ism, philosophical system, philosophy, school of thought | a belief (or system of beliefs) accepted as authoritative by some group or school. |
| ~ confession | the document that spells out the belief system of a given church (especially the Reformation churches of the 16th century). |
| ~ ahimsa | a Buddhist and Hindu and especially Jainist doctrine holding that all forms of life are sacred and urging the avoidance of violence. |
| ~ dogma, tenet | a religious doctrine that is proclaimed as true without proof. |
| ~ ecumenicalism, ecumenicism, ecumenism | (Christianity) the doctrine of the ecumenical movement that promotes cooperation and better understanding among different religious denominations: aimed at universal Christian unity. |
| ~ immaculate conception of the virgin mary, immaculate conception | (Christianity) the Roman Catholic dogma that God preserved the Virgin Mary from any stain of original sin from the moment she was conceived. |
| ~ incarnation | (Christianity) the Christian doctrine of the union of God and man in the person of Jesus Christ. |
| ~ nicene creed | (Christianity) a formal creed summarizing Christian beliefs; first adopted in 325 and later expanded. |
| ~ real presence | (Christianity) the Christian doctrine that the body of Christ is actually present in the Eucharist. |
faith | | |
n. (cognition) | 1. faith, religion, religious belief | a strong belief in a supernatural power or powers that control human destiny.; "he lost his faith but not his morality" |
| ~ persecution | the act of persecuting (especially on the basis of race or religion). |
| ~ vigil, watch | the rite of staying awake for devotional purposes (especially on the eve of a religious festival). |
| ~ consecration | (religion) sanctification of something by setting it apart (usually with religious rites) as dedicated to God.; "the Cardinal attended the consecration of the church" |
| ~ chastity, sexual abstention, celibacy | abstaining from sexual relations (as because of religious vows). |
| ~ toleration | official recognition of the right of individuals to hold dissenting opinions (especially in religion). |
| ~ traditionalism | adherence to tradition (especially in cultural or religious matters). |
| ~ censer, thurible | a container for burning incense (especially one that is swung on a chain in a religious ritual). |
| ~ cloister | a courtyard with covered walks (as in religious institutions). |
| ~ habit | a distinctive attire worn by a member of a religious order. |
| ~ orthodoxy | the quality of being orthodox (especially in religion). |
| ~ supernatural virtue, theological virtue | according to Christian ethics: one of the three virtues (faith, hope, and charity) created by God to round out the natural virtues. |
| ~ netherworld, scheol, hades, infernal region, underworld, hell | (religion) the world of the dead.; "No one goes to Hades with all his immense wealth" |
| ~ meditation | (religion) contemplation of spiritual matters (usually on religious or philosophical subjects). |
| ~ belief | any cognitive content held as true. |
| ~ apophatism | the religious belief that God cannot be known but is completely `other' and must be described in negative terms (in terms of what God is not). |
| ~ cataphatism | the religious belief that God has given enough clues to be known to humans positively and affirmatively (e.g., God created Adam `in his own image'). |
| ~ doctrine of analogy, analogy | the religious belief that between creature and creator no similarity can be found so great but that the dissimilarity is always greater; any analogy between God and humans will always be inadequate. |
| ~ cultus, religious cult, cult | a system of religious beliefs and rituals.; "devoted to the cultus of the Blessed Virgin" |
| ~ cult | a religion or sect that is generally considered to be unorthodox, extremist, or false.; "it was a satanic cult" |
| ~ ecclesiasticism | religion appropriate to a church and to ecclesiastical principles and practices. |
| ~ mysticism, religious mysticism | a religion based on mystical communion with an ultimate reality. |
| ~ nature worship | a system of religion that deifies and worships natural forces and phenomena. |
| ~ revealed religion | a religion founded primarily on the revelations of God to humankind. |
| ~ theism | the doctrine or belief in the existence of a God or gods. |
| ~ heathenism, pagan religion, paganism | any of various religions other than Christianity or Judaism or Islamism. |
| ~ christian religion, christianity | a monotheistic system of beliefs and practices based on the Old Testament and the teachings of Jesus as embodied in the New Testament and emphasizing the role of Jesus as savior. |
| ~ hindooism, hinduism | a body of religious and philosophical beliefs and cultural practices native to India and based on a caste system; it is characterized by a belief in reincarnation, by a belief in a supreme being of many forms and natures, by the view that opposing theories are aspects of one eternal truth, and by a desire for liberation from earthly evils. |
| ~ brahmanism, brahminism | the religious beliefs of ancient India as prescribed in the sacred Vedas and Brahmanas and Upanishads. |
| ~ jainism | religion founded in the 6th century BC as a revolt against Hinduism; emphasizes asceticism and immortality and transmigration of the soul; denies existence of a perfect or supreme being. |
| ~ sikhism | the doctrines of a monotheistic religion founded in northern India in the 16th century by Guru Nanak and combining elements of Hinduism and Islam. |
| ~ buddhism | the teaching of Buddha that life is permeated with suffering caused by desire, that suffering ceases when desire ceases, and that enlightenment obtained through right conduct and wisdom and meditation releases one from desire and suffering and rebirth. |
| ~ hsuan chiao, taoism | popular Chinese philosophical system based in teachings of Lao-tzu but characterized by a pantheism of many gods and the practices of alchemy and divination and magic. |
| ~ shintoism, shinto | the ancient indigenous religion of Japan lacking formal dogma; characterized by a veneration of nature spirits and of ancestors. |
| ~ manichaeanism, manichaeism | a religion founded by Manes in the third century; a synthesis of Zoroastrian dualism between light and dark and Babylonian folklore and Buddhist ethics and superficial elements of Christianity; spread widely in the Roman Empire but had largely died out by 1000. |
| ~ mithraicism, mithraism | ancient Persian religion; popular among Romans during first three centuries a.d.. |
| ~ mazdaism, zoroastrianism | system of religion founded in Persia in the 6th century BC by Zoroaster; set forth in the Zend-Avesta; based on concept of struggle between light (good) and dark (evil). |
| ~ bahaism | a religion founded in Iran in 1863; emphasizes the spiritual unity of all humankind; incorporates Christian and Islamic tenets; many adherents live in the United States.; "Bahaism has no public rituals or sacraments and praying is done in private" |
| ~ asian shamanism, shamanism | an animistic religion of northern Asia having the belief that the mediation between the visible and the spirit worlds is effected by shamans. |
| ~ shamanism | any animistic religion similar to Asian shamanism (especially as practiced by certain Native American tribes). |
| ~ wicca | the polytheistic nature religion of modern witchcraft whose central deity is a mother goddess; claims origins in pre-Christian pagan religions of western Europe. |
| ~ affirmation | (religion) a solemn declaration that serves the same purpose as an oath (if an oath is objectionable to the person on religious or ethical grounds). |
| ~ demythologisation, demythologization | the restatement of a message (as a religious one) in rational terms. |
| ~ beelzebub, devil, lucifer, old nick, prince of darkness, satan, the tempter | (Judeo-Christian and Islamic religions) chief spirit of evil and adversary of God; tempter of mankind; master of Hell. |
| ~ brother | a male person who is a fellow member (of a fraternity or religion or other group).; "none of his brothers would betray him" |
| ~ conformist | someone who conforms to established standards of conduct (especially in religious matters). |
| ~ latitudinarian | a person who is broad-minded and tolerant (especially in standards of religious belief and conduct). |
| ~ numen | a spirit believed to inhabit an object or preside over a place (especially in ancient Roman religion). |
| ~ noviciate, novitiate | the period during which you are a novice (especially in a religious order). |
| ~ die | suffer spiritual death; be damned (in the religious sense).; "Whosoever..believes in me shall never die" |
| ~ believe | follow a credo; have a faith; be a believer.; "When you hear his sermons, you will be able to believe, too" |
| ~ misbelieve | hold a false or unorthodox belief. |
| ~ worship | show devotion to (a deity).; "Many Hindus worship Shiva" |
| ~ reincarnate, transmigrate | be born anew in another body after death.; "Hindus believe that we transmigrate" |
| ~ free-thinking, latitudinarian, undogmatic, undogmatical | unwilling to accept authority or dogma (especially in religion). |
| ~ clean | ritually clean or pure. |
| ~ unclean, impure | having a physical or moral blemish so as to make impure according to dietary or ceremonial laws.; "unclean meat"; "and the swine...is unclean to you" |
| ~ conforming, conformist | adhering to established customs or doctrines (especially in religion). |
| ~ discalceate, discalced, unshod | (used of certain religious orders) barefoot or wearing only sandals.; "discalced friars" |
| ~ formalised, formalistic, formalized | concerned with or characterized by rigorous adherence to recognized forms (especially in religion or art).; "highly formalized plays like `Waiting for Godot'" |
| ~ christian | relating to or characteristic of Christianity.; "Christian rites" |
| ~ protestant | of or relating to Protestants or Protestantism.; "Protestant churches"; "a Protestant denomination" |
| ~ calvinist, calvinistic, calvinistical | of or relating to or characteristic of Calvinism or its adherents. |
| ~ jewish-orthodox, orthodox | of or pertaining to or characteristic of Judaism.; "Orthodox Judaism" |
| ~ eastern orthodox, greek orthodox, russian orthodox, orthodox | of or relating to or characteristic of the Eastern Orthodox Church. |
| ~ anglican | of or pertaining to or characteristic of the Anglican church.; "an Anglican bishop" |
| ~ congregationalist, congregational | of or pertaining to or characteristic of a Congregational church. |
| ~ episcopal, episcopalian | of or pertaining to or characteristic of the Episcopal church.; "the Episcopal hierarchy"; "married by an Episcopalian minister" |
| ~ revivalistic | of or relating to or characterizing revivalism. |
| ~ lutheran | of or pertaining to or characteristic of the branch of the Protestant Church adhering to the views of Luther.; "Lutheran doctrines" |
| ~ methodist, wesleyan | of or pertaining to or characteristic of the branch of Protestantism adhering to the views of Wesley.; "Methodist theology" |
| ~ mormon | of or pertaining to or characteristic of the Mormon Church.; "Mormon leaders"; "the former Mormon practice of polygamy" |
| ~ unitarian | of or relating to or characterizing Unitarianism. |
| ~ catechismal | of or relating to a catechism summarizing the principles of Christianity. |
n. (cognition) | 2. faith, trust | complete confidence in a person or plan etc.; "he cherished the faith of a good woman"; "the doctor-patient relationship is based on trust" |
| ~ belief | any cognitive content held as true. |
n. (group) | 3. faith, organized religion, religion | an institution to express belief in a divine power.; "he was raised in the Baptist religion"; "a member of his own faith contradicted him" |
| ~ institution, establishment | an organization founded and united for a specific purpose. |
| ~ christian church, church | one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship. |
| ~ hebraism, jewish religion, judaism | Jews collectively who practice a religion based on the Torah and the Talmud. |
| ~ hindooism, hinduism | the religion of most people in India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, and Nepal. |
| ~ taoism | religion adhering to the teaching of Lao-tzu. |
| ~ buddhism | a religion represented by the many groups (especially in Asia) that profess various forms of the Buddhist doctrine and that venerate Buddha. |
| ~ khalsa | the group of initiated Sikhs to which devout orthodox Sikhs are ritually admitted at puberty; founded by the tenth and last Guru in 1699. |
| ~ church of scientology, scientology | a new religion founded by L. Ron Hubbard in 1955 and characterized by a belief in the power of a person's spirit to clear itself of past painful experiences through self-knowledge and spiritual fulfillment. |
| ~ shinto | the native religion and former ethnic cult of Japan. |
| ~ established church | the church that is recognized as the official church of a nation. |
| ~ religious order, religious sect, sect | a subdivision of a larger religious group. |
| ~ cult | followers of an unorthodox, extremist, or false religion or sect who often live outside of conventional society under the direction of a charismatic leader. |
| ~ cult | followers of an exclusive system of religious beliefs and practices. |
| ~ canonize, canonise, saint | declare (a dead person) to be a saint.; "After he was shown to have performed a miracle, the priest was canonized" |
| ~ exorcise, exorcize | expel through adjuration or prayers.; "exorcise evil spirits" |
| ~ confirm | administer the rite of confirmation to.; "the children were confirmed in their mother's faith" |
| ~ covenant | enter into a covenant. |
| ~ redeem, save, deliver | save from sins. |
n. (act) | 4. faith | loyalty or allegiance to a cause or a person.; "keep the faith"; "they broke faith with their investors" |
| ~ allegiance, commitment, loyalty, dedication | the act of binding yourself (intellectually or emotionally) to a course of action.; "his long commitment to public service"; "they felt no loyalty to a losing team" |
notion | | |
n. (cognition) | 1. belief, feeling, impression, notion, opinion | a vague idea in which some confidence is placed.; "his impression of her was favorable"; "what are your feelings about the crisis?"; "it strengthened my belief in his sincerity"; "I had a feeling that she was lying" |
| ~ idea, thought | the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about.; "it was not a good idea"; "the thought never entered my mind" |
| ~ presence | the impression that something is present.; "he felt the presence of an evil force" |
| ~ effect | an impression (especially one that is artificial or contrived).; "he just did it for effect" |
| ~ first blush | at the first glimpse or impression.; "at first blush the idea possesses considerable intuitive appeal but on closer examination it fails" |
| ~ hunch, suspicion, intuition | an impression that something might be the case.; "he had an intuition that something had gone wrong" |
n. (cognition) | 2. notion | a general inclusive concept. |
| ~ concept, conception, construct | an abstract or general idea inferred or derived from specific instances. |
| ~ mumpsimus | a traditional notion that is obstinately held although it is unreasonable.; "he still holds to the old mumpsimus that a woman's place is in the kitchen" |
n. (cognition) | 3. notion, whim, whimsey, whimsy | an odd or fanciful or capricious idea.; "the theatrical notion of disguise is associated with disaster in his stories"; "he had a whimsy about flying to the moon"; "whimsy can be humorous to someone with time to enjoy it" |
| ~ idea, thought | the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about.; "it was not a good idea"; "the thought never entered my mind" |
n. (artifact) | 4. notion | (usually plural) small personal articles or clothing or sewing items.; "buttons and needles are notions" |
| ~ article | one of a class of artifacts.; "an article of clothing" |
| ~ ribbon | notion consisting of a narrow strip of fine material used for trimming. |
religion | | |
supposition | | |
n. (communication) | 1. conjecture, guess, hypothesis, speculation, supposition, surmisal, surmise | a message expressing an opinion based on incomplete evidence. |
| ~ opinion, view | a message expressing a belief about something; the expression of a belief that is held with confidence but not substantiated by positive knowledge or proof.; "his opinions appeared frequently on the editorial page" |
| ~ divination | successful conjecture by unusual insight or good luck. |
n. (cognition) | 2. assumption, supposal, supposition | a hypothesis that is taken for granted.; "any society is built upon certain assumptions" |
| ~ conclusion | an intuitive assumption.; "jump to a conclusion" |
| ~ cornerstone, fundament, groundwork, basis, foundation, base | the fundamental assumptions from which something is begun or developed or calculated or explained.; "the whole argument rested on a basis of conjecture" |
| ~ hypothesis, theory, possibility | a tentative insight into the natural world; a concept that is not yet verified but that if true would explain certain facts or phenomena.; "a scientific hypothesis that survives experimental testing becomes a scientific theory"; "he proposed a fresh theory of alkalis that later was accepted in chemical practices" |
| ~ given, presumption, precondition | an assumption that is taken for granted. |
| ~ basic assumption, constatation, self-evident truth | an assumption that is basic to an argument. |
n. (cognition) | 3. supposal, supposition | the cognitive process of supposing. |
| ~ conjecture | reasoning that involves the formation of conclusions from incomplete evidence. |
| ~ presupposition | the act of presupposing; a supposition made prior to having knowledge (as for the purpose of argument). |
really | | |
adv. | 1. genuinely, really, truly | in accordance with truth or fact or reality.; "she was now truly American"; "a genuinely open society"; "they don't really listen to us" |
adv. | 2. actually, really | in actual fact.; "to be nominally but not actually independent"; "no one actually saw the shark"; "large meteorites actually come from the asteroid belt" |
adv. | 3. in truth, really, truly | in fact (used as intensifiers or sentence modifiers).; "in truth, moral decay hastened the decline of the Roman Empire"; "really, you shouldn't have done it"; "a truly awful book" |
| ~ intensifier, intensive | a modifier that has little meaning except to intensify the meaning it modifies.; "`up' in `finished up' is an intensifier"; "`honestly' in `I honestly don't know' is an intensifier" |
adv. | 4. rattling, real, really, very | used as intensifiers; `real' is sometimes used informally for `really'; `rattling' is informal.; "she was very gifted"; "he played very well"; "a really enjoyable evening"; "I'm real sorry about it"; "a rattling good yarn" |
believe | | |
v. (cognition) | 1. believe | accept as true; take to be true.; "I believed his report"; "We didn't believe his stories from the War"; "She believes in spirits" |
| ~ understand, infer | believe to be the case.; "I understand you have no previous experience?" |
| ~ swallow | believe or accept without questioning or challenge.; "Am I supposed to swallow that story?" |
| ~ buy | accept as true.; "I can't buy this story" |
| ~ believe | follow a credo; have a faith; be a believer.; "When you hear his sermons, you will be able to believe, too" |
| ~ accept | consider or hold as true.; "I cannot accept the dogma of this church"; "accept an argument" |
| ~ rely, trust, swear, bank | have confidence or faith in.; "We can trust in God"; "Rely on your friends"; "bank on your good education"; "I swear by my grandmother's recipes" |
| ~ believe in | have a firm conviction as to the goodness of something.; "John believes in oat bran" |
v. (cognition) | 2. believe, conceive, consider, think | judge or regard; look upon; judge.; "I think he is very smart"; "I believe her to be very smart"; "I think that he is her boyfriend"; "The racist conceives such people to be inferior" |
| ~ hold | remain committed to.; "I hold to these ideas" |
| ~ pass judgment, evaluate, judge | form a critical opinion of.; "I cannot judge some works of modern art"; "How do you evaluate this grant proposal?"; "We shouldn't pass judgment on other people" |
| ~ rethink | change one's mind.; "He rethought his decision to take a vacation" |
| ~ think | dispose the mind in a certain way.; "Do you really think so?" |
| ~ look upon, regard as, repute, take to be, esteem, look on, think of | look on as or consider.; "she looked on this affair as a joke"; "He thinks of himself as a brilliant musician"; "He is reputed to be intelligent" |
| ~ feel | have a feeling or perception about oneself in reaction to someone's behavior or attitude.; "She felt small and insignificant"; "You make me feel naked"; "I made the students feel different about themselves" |
| ~ consider, regard, view, reckon, see | deem to be.; "She views this quite differently from me"; "I consider her to be shallow"; "I don't see the situation quite as negatively as you do" |
v. (cognition) | 3. believe, trust | be confident about something.; "I believe that he will come back from the war" |
| ~ anticipate, expect | regard something as probable or likely.; "The meteorologists are expecting rain for tomorrow" |
v. (cognition) | 4. believe | follow a credo; have a faith; be a believer.; "When you hear his sermons, you will be able to believe, too" |
| ~ faith, religion, religious belief | a strong belief in a supernatural power or powers that control human destiny.; "he lost his faith but not his morality" |
| ~ believe | accept as true; take to be true.; "I believed his report"; "We didn't believe his stories from the War"; "She believes in spirits" |
| ~ misbelieve | hold a false or unorthodox belief. |
v. (cognition) | 5. believe | credit with veracity.; "You cannot believe this man"; "Should we believe a publication like the National Enquirer?" |
| ~ credit | have trust in; trust in the truth or veracity of. |
heed | | |
n. (cognition) | 1. attentiveness, heed, paying attention, regard | paying particular notice (as to children or helpless people).; "his attentiveness to her wishes"; "he spends without heed to the consequences" |
| ~ attending, attention | the process whereby a person concentrates on some features of the environment to the (relative) exclusion of others. |
| ~ advertence, advertency | the process of being heedful. |
v. (social) | 2. heed, listen, mind | pay close attention to; give heed to.; "Heed the advice of the old men" |
| ~ obey | be obedient to. |
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