| language | | |
| n. (communication) | 1. language, linguistic communication | a systematic means of communicating by the use of sounds or conventional symbols.; "he taught foreign languages"; "the language introduced is standard throughout the text"; "the speed with which a program can be executed depends on the language in which it is written" |
| ~ communication | something that is communicated by or to or between people or groups. |
| ~ usage | the customary manner in which a language (or a form of a language) is spoken or written.; "English usage"; "a usage borrowed from French" |
| ~ dead language | a language that is no longer learned as a native language. |
| ~ words | language that is spoken or written.; "he has a gift for words"; "she put her thoughts into words" |
| ~ source language | a language that is to be translated into another language. |
| ~ target language, object language | the language into which a text written in another language is to be translated. |
| ~ accent mark, accent | a diacritical mark used to indicate stress or placed above a vowel to indicate a special pronunciation. |
| ~ sign language, signing | language expressed by visible hand gestures. |
| ~ artificial language | a language that is deliberately created for a specific purpose. |
| ~ metalanguage | a language that can be used to describe languages. |
| ~ native language | the language that a person has spoken from earliest childhood. |
| ~ indigenous language | a language that originated in a specified place and was not brought to that place from elsewhere. |
| ~ superstrate, superstratum | the language of a later invading people that is imposed on an indigenous population and contributes features to their language. |
| ~ natural language, tongue | a human written or spoken language used by a community; opposed to e.g. a computer language. |
| ~ interlanguage, lingua franca, koine | a common language used by speakers of different languages.; "Koine is a dialect of ancient Greek that was the lingua franca of the empire of Alexander the Great and was widely spoken throughout the eastern Mediterranean area in Roman times" |
| ~ linguistic string, string of words, word string | a linear sequence of words as spoken or written. |
| ~ expressive style, style | a way of expressing something (in language or art or music etc.) that is characteristic of a particular person or group of people or period.; "all the reporters were expected to adopt the style of the newspaper" |
| ~ barrage, bombardment, onslaught, outpouring | the rapid and continuous delivery of linguistic communication (spoken or written).; "a barrage of questions"; "a bombardment of mail complaining about his mistake" |
| ~ oral communication, speech communication, spoken communication, spoken language, voice communication, language, speech | (language) communication by word of mouth.; "his speech was garbled"; "he uttered harsh language"; "he recorded the spoken language of the streets" |
| ~ slanguage | language characterized by excessive use of slang or cant. |
| ~ alphabetize | provide with an alphabet.; "Cyril and Method alphabetized the Slavic languages" |
| ~ lucid, luculent, perspicuous, crystal clear, pellucid, limpid | (of language) transparently clear; easily understandable.; "writes in a limpid style"; "lucid directions"; "a luculent oration"; "pellucid prose"; "a crystal clear explanation"; "a perspicuous argument" |
| ~ well-turned | (of language) aptly and pleasingly expressed.; "a well-turned phrase" |
| ~ uncorrupted, undefiled | (of language) not having its purity or excellence debased.; "uncorrupted English"; "learn to speak pure English undefiled" |
| ~ synchronic | concerned with phenomena (especially language) at a particular period without considering historical antecedents.; "synchronic linguistics" |
| ~ diachronic, historical | used of the study of a phenomenon (especially language) as it changes through time.; "diachronic linguistics" |
| n. (communication) | 2. language, oral communication, speech, speech communication, spoken communication, spoken language, voice communication | (language) communication by word of mouth.; "his speech was garbled"; "he uttered harsh language"; "he recorded the spoken language of the streets" |
| ~ language, linguistic communication | a systematic means of communicating by the use of sounds or conventional symbols.; "he taught foreign languages"; "the language introduced is standard throughout the text"; "the speed with which a program can be executed depends on the language in which it is written" |
| ~ auditory communication | communication that relies on hearing. |
| ~ words | the words that are spoken.; "I listened to his words very closely" |
| ~ orthoepy, pronunciation | the way a word or a language is customarily spoken.; "the pronunciation of Chinese is difficult for foreigners"; "that is the correct pronunciation" |
| ~ conversation | the use of speech for informal exchange of views or ideas or information etc.. |
| ~ give-and-take, discussion, word | an exchange of views on some topic.; "we had a good discussion"; "we had a word or two about it" |
| ~ locution, saying, expression | a word or phrase that particular people use in particular situations.; "pardon the expression" |
| ~ non-standard speech | speech that differs from the usual accepted, easily recognizable speech of native adult members of a speech community. |
| ~ idiolect | the language or speech of one individual at a particular period in life. |
| ~ monologue | a long utterance by one person (especially one that prevents others from participating in the conversation). |
| ~ magic spell, magical spell, charm, spell | a verbal formula believed to have magical force.; "he whispered a spell as he moved his hands"; "inscribed around its base is a charm in Balinese" |
| ~ dictation | speech intended for reproduction in writing. |
| ~ monologue, soliloquy | speech you make to yourself. |
| n. (communication) | 3. language, lyric, words | the text of a popular song or musical-comedy number.; "his compositions always started with the lyrics"; "he wrote both words and music"; "the song uses colloquial language" |
| ~ text, textual matter | the words of something written.; "there were more than a thousand words of text"; "they handed out the printed text of the mayor's speech"; "he wants to reconstruct the original text" |
| ~ song, vocal | a short musical composition with words.; "a successful musical must have at least three good songs" |
| ~ love lyric | the lyric of a love song. |
| n. (cognition) | 4. language, linguistic process | the cognitive processes involved in producing and understanding linguistic communication.; "he didn't have the language to express his feelings" |
| ~ higher cognitive process | cognitive processes that presuppose the availability of knowledge and put it to use. |
| ~ reading | the cognitive process of understanding a written linguistic message.; "his main reading was detective stories"; "suggestions for further reading" |
| n. (cognition) | 5. language, speech | the mental faculty or power of vocal communication.; "language sets homo sapiens apart from all other animals" |
| ~ faculty, mental faculty, module | one of the inherent cognitive or perceptual powers of the mind. |
| ~ lexis | all of the words in a language; all word forms having meaning or grammatical function. |
| ~ lexicon, mental lexicon, vocabulary | a language user's knowledge of words. |
| ~ verbalise, verbalize | convert into a verb.; "many English nouns have become verbalized" |
| n. (communication) | 6. language, nomenclature, terminology | a system of words used to name things in a particular discipline.; "legal terminology"; "biological nomenclature"; "the language of sociology" |
| ~ word | a unit of language that native speakers can identify.; "words are the blocks from which sentences are made"; "he hardly said ten words all morning" |
| ~ markup language | a set of symbols and rules for their use when doing a markup of a document. |
| ~ toponomy, toponymy | the nomenclature of regional anatomy. |
| parlance | | |
| n. (communication) | 1. idiom, parlance | a manner of speaking that is natural to native speakers of a language. |
| ~ formulation, expression | the style of expressing yourself.; "he suggested a better formulation"; "his manner of expression showed how much he cared" |
| text | | |
| n. (communication) | 1. text, textual matter | the words of something written.; "there were more than a thousand words of text"; "they handed out the printed text of the mayor's speech"; "he wants to reconstruct the original text" |
| ~ column | a page or text that is vertically divided.; "the newspaper devoted several columns to the subject"; "the bookkeeper used pages that were divided into columns" |
| ~ matter | written works (especially in books or magazines).; "he always took some reading matter with him on the plane" |
| ~ cookie | a short line of text that a web site puts on your computer's hard drive when you access the web site. |
| ~ word order | the order of words in a text. |
| ~ written matter, copy | matter to be printed; exclusive of graphical materials. |
| ~ draft copy, draft | any of the various versions in the development of a written work.; "a preliminary draft"; "the final draft of the constitution" |
| ~ electronic text | text that is in a form that computer can store or display on a computer screen. |
| ~ instalment, installment | a part of a published serial. |
| ~ book | a major division of a long written composition.; "the book of Isaiah" |
| ~ chapter | a subdivision of a written work; usually numbered and titled.; "he read a chapter every night before falling asleep" |
| ~ foreword, preface, prolusion | a short introductory essay preceding the text of a book. |
| ~ paragraph | one of several distinct subdivisions of a text intended to separate ideas; the beginning is usually marked by a new indented line. |
| ~ passage | a section of text; particularly a section of medium length. |
| ~ publication | a copy of a printed work offered for distribution. |
| ~ letter, missive | a written message addressed to a person or organization.; "mailed an indignant letter to the editor" |
| ~ line | text consisting of a row of words written across a page or computer screen.; "the letter consisted of three short lines"; "there are six lines in every stanza" |
| ~ lipogram | a text that excludes a particular letter or particular letters of the alphabet. |
| ~ lyric, words, language | the text of a popular song or musical-comedy number.; "his compositions always started with the lyrics"; "he wrote both words and music"; "the song uses colloquial language" |
| ~ stanza | a fixed number of lines of verse forming a unit of a poem. |
| n. (communication) | 2. text | a passage from the Bible that is used as the subject of a sermon.; "the preacher chose a text from Psalms to introduce his sermon" |
| ~ passage | a section of text; particularly a section of medium length. |
| ~ bible, christian bible, good book, holy scripture, holy writ, scripture, word of god, book, word | the sacred writings of the Christian religions.; "he went to carry the Word to the heathen" |
| n. (communication) | 3. school text, schoolbook, text, text edition, textbook | a book prepared for use in schools or colleges.; "his economics textbook is in its tenth edition"; "the professor wrote the text that he assigned students to buy" |
| ~ book | a written work or composition that has been published (printed on pages bound together).; "I am reading a good book on economics" |
| ~ crammer | a textbook designed for cramming. |
| ~ introduction | a basic or elementary instructional text. |
| ~ primer | an introductory textbook. |
| ~ reader | one of a series of texts for students learning to read. |
| n. (communication) | 4. text | the main body of a written work (as distinct from illustrations or footnotes etc.).; "pictures made the text easier to understand" |
| ~ matter | written works (especially in books or magazines).; "he always took some reading matter with him on the plane" |
| word | | |
| n. (communication) | 1. word | a unit of language that native speakers can identify.; "words are the blocks from which sentences are made"; "he hardly said ten words all morning" |
| ~ language unit, linguistic unit | one of the natural units into which linguistic messages can be analyzed. |
| ~ anagram | a word or phrase spelled by rearranging the letters of another word or phrase. |
| ~ anaphor | a word (such as a pronoun) used to avoid repetition; the referent of an anaphor is determined by its antecedent. |
| ~ antonym, opposite, opposite word | a word that expresses a meaning opposed to the meaning of another word, in which case the two words are antonyms of each other.; "to him the antonym of `gay' was `depressed'" |
| ~ back-formation | a word invented (usually unwittingly by subtracting an affix) on the assumption that a familiar word derives from it. |
| ~ charade | a word acted out in an episode of the game of charades. |
| ~ cognate word, cognate | a word is cognate with another if both derive from the same word in an ancestral language. |
| ~ content word, open-class word | a word to which an independent meaning can be assigned. |
| ~ contraction | a word formed from two or more words by omitting or combining some sounds.; "`won't' is a contraction of `will not'"; "`o'clock' is a contraction of `of the clock'" |
| ~ deictic, deictic word | a word specifying identity or spatial or temporal location from the perspective of a speaker or hearer in the context in which the communication occurs.; "words that introduce particulars of the speaker's and hearer's shared cognitive field into the message" |
| ~ derivative | (linguistics) a word that is derived from another word.; "`electricity' is a derivative of `electric'" |
| ~ diminutive | a word that is formed with a suffix (such as -let or -kin) to indicate smallness. |
| ~ dirty word | a word that is considered to be unmentionable.; "`failure' is a dirty word to him" |
| ~ dissyllable, disyllable | a word having two syllables. |
| ~ descriptor, form, signifier, word form | the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something.; "the inflected forms of a word can be represented by a stem and a list of inflections to be attached" |
| ~ four-letter anglo-saxon word, four-letter word | any of several short English words (often having 4 letters) generally regarded as obscene or offensive. |
| ~ closed-class word, function word | a word that is uninflected and serves a grammatical function but has little identifiable meaning. |
| ~ guide word, guideword, catchword | a word printed at the top of the page of a dictionary or other reference book to indicate the first or last item on that page. |
| ~ head word, head | (grammar) the word in a grammatical constituent that plays the same grammatical role as the whole constituent. |
| ~ headword | a word placed at the beginning of a line or paragraph (as in a dictionary entry). |
| ~ heteronym | two words are heteronyms if they are spelled the same way but differ in pronunciation.; "the word `bow' is an example of a heteronym" |
| ~ holonym, whole name | a word that names the whole of which a given word is a part.; "`hat' is a holonym for `brim' and `crown'" |
| ~ homonym | two words are homonyms if they are pronounced or spelled the same way but have different meanings. |
| ~ hypernym, superordinate word, superordinate | a word that is more generic than a given word. |
| ~ hyponym, subordinate word, subordinate | a word that is more specific than a given word. |
| ~ key word | a significant word used in indexing or cataloging. |
| ~ hybrid, loan-blend, loanblend | a word that is composed of parts from different languages (e.g., `monolingual' has a Greek prefix and a Latin root). |
| ~ loanword, loan | a word borrowed from another language; e.g. `blitz' is a German word borrowed into modern English. |
| ~ meronym, part name | a word that names a part of a larger whole.; "`brim' and `crown' are meronyms of `hat'" |
| ~ metonym | a word that denotes one thing but refers to a related thing.; "Washington is a metonym for the United States government"; "plastic is a metonym for credit card" |
| ~ monosyllabic word, monosyllable | a word or utterance of one syllable. |
| ~ neologism, neology, coinage | a newly invented word or phrase. |
| ~ hapax legomenon, nonce word | a word with a special meaning used for a special occasion. |
| ~ oxytone | word having stress or an acute accent on the last syllable. |
| ~ palindrome | a word or phrase that reads the same backward as forward. |
| ~ primitive | a word serving as the basis for inflected or derived forms.; "`pick' is the primitive from which `picket' is derived" |
| ~ paroxytone | word having stress or acute accent on the next to last syllable. |
| ~ partitive | word (such a `some' or `less') that is used to indicate a part as distinct from a whole. |
| ~ polysemant, polysemantic word, polysemous word | a word having more than one meaning. |
| ~ polysyllabic word, polysyllable | a word of more than three syllables. |
| ~ proparoxytone | word having stress or acute accent on the antepenult. |
| ~ quantifier | (grammar) a word that expresses a quantity (as `fifteen' or `many'). |
| ~ logical quantifier, quantifier | (logic) a word (such as `some' or `all' or `no') that binds the variables in a logical proposition. |
| ~ reduplication | a word formed by or containing a repeated syllable or speech sound (usually at the beginning of the word). |
| ~ retronym | a word introduced because an existing term has become inadequate.; "Nobody ever heard of analog clocks until digital clocks became common, so `analog clock' is a retronym" |
| ~ substantive | any word or group of words functioning as a noun. |
| ~ equivalent word, synonym | two words that can be interchanged in a context are said to be synonymous relative to that context. |
| ~ term | a word or expression used for some particular thing.; "he learned many medical terms" |
| ~ nomenclature, terminology, language | a system of words used to name things in a particular discipline.; "legal terminology"; "biological nomenclature"; "the language of sociology" |
| ~ trisyllable | a word having three syllables. |
| ~ manner name, troponym | a word that denotes a manner of doing something.; "`march' is a troponym of `walk'" |
| ~ spoken word, vocable | a word that is spoken aloud. |
| ~ syllable | a unit of spoken language larger than a phoneme.; "the word `pocket' has two syllables" |
| ~ affix | a linguistic element added to a word to produce an inflected or derived form. |
| ~ classifier | a word or morpheme used in some languages in certain contexts (such as counting) to indicate the semantic class to which the counted item belongs. |
| ~ written word | the written form of a word.; "while the spoken word stands for something, the written word stands for something that stands for something"; "a craftsman of the written word" |
| ~ syncategorem, syncategoreme | a syncategorematic expression; a word that cannot be used alone as a term in a logical proposition.; "logical quantifiers, adverbs, prepositions, and conjunctions are called syncategoremes" |
| n. (communication) | 2. word | a brief statement.; "he didn't say a word about it" |
| ~ statement | a message that is stated or declared; a communication (oral or written) setting forth particulars or facts etc.; "according to his statement he was in London on that day" |
| n. (communication) | 3. intelligence, news, tidings, word | information about recent and important events.; "they awaited news of the outcome" |
| ~ info, information | a message received and understood. |
| ~ good word | good news. |
| ~ latest | the most recent news or development.; "have you heard the latest?" |
| ~ update | news that updates your information. |
| n. (communication) | 4. word | a verbal command for action.; "when I give the word, charge!" |
| ~ order | (often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed.; "the British ships dropped anchor and waited for orders from London" |
| n. (communication) | 5. discussion, give-and-take, word | an exchange of views on some topic.; "we had a good discussion"; "we had a word or two about it" |
| ~ oral communication, speech communication, spoken communication, spoken language, voice communication, language, speech | (language) communication by word of mouth.; "his speech was garbled"; "he uttered harsh language"; "he recorded the spoken language of the streets" |
| ~ argumentation, debate, argument | a discussion in which reasons are advanced for and against some proposition or proposal.; "the argument over foreign aid goes on and on" |
| ~ deliberation | (usually plural) discussion of all sides of a question.; "the deliberations of the jury" |
| ~ group discussion, conference | a discussion among participants who have an agreed (serious) topic. |
| ~ panel discussion | discussion of a subject of public interest by a group of persons forming a panel usually before an audience. |
| ~ post-mortem, postmortem | discussion of an event after it has occurred. |
| ~ public discussion, ventilation | free and open discussion of (or debate on) some question of public interest.; "such a proposal deserves thorough public discussion" |
| ~ negotiation, talks, dialogue | a discussion intended to produce an agreement.; "the buyout negotiation lasted several days"; "they disagreed but kept an open dialogue"; "talks between Israelis and Palestinians" |
| n. (communication) | 6. parole, word, word of honor | a promise.; "he gave his word" |
| ~ promise | a verbal commitment by one person to another agreeing to do (or not to do) something in the future. |
| n. (quantity) | 7. word | a word is a string of bits stored in computer memory.; "large computers use words up to 64 bits long" |
| ~ computer memory unit | a unit for measuring computer memory. |
| ~ byte | a sequence of 8 bits (enough to represent one character of alphanumeric data) processed as a single unit of information. |
| ~ kib, kibibyte, kilobyte, kb, k | a unit of information equal to 1024 bytes. |
| n. (person) | 8. logos, son, word | the divine word of God; the second person in the Trinity (incarnate in Jesus). |
| ~ messiah | Jesus Christ; considered by Christians to be the promised deliverer. |
| ~ hypostasis of christ, hypostasis | any of the three persons of the Godhead constituting the Trinity especially the person of Christ in which divine and human natures are united. |
| ~ christ, deliverer, good shepherd, jesus, jesus christ, jesus of nazareth, redeemer, savior, saviour, the nazarene | a teacher and prophet born in Bethlehem and active in Nazareth; his life and sermons form the basis for Christianity (circa 4 BC - AD 29). |
| n. (communication) | 9. countersign, parole, password, watchword, word | a secret word or phrase known only to a restricted group.; "he forgot the password" |
| ~ arcanum, secret | information known only to a special group.; "the secret of Cajun cooking" |
| ~ positive identification | evidence proving that you are who you say you are; evidence establishing that you are among the group of people already known to the system; recognition by the system leads to acceptance.; "a system for positive identification can prevent the use of a single identity by several people" |
| n. (communication) | 10. bible, book, christian bible, good book, holy scripture, holy writ, scripture, word, word of god | the sacred writings of the Christian religions.; "he went to carry the Word to the heathen" |
| ~ religious text, religious writing, sacred text, sacred writing | writing that is venerated for the worship of a deity. |
| ~ family bible | a large Bible with pages to record marriages and births. |
| ~ vulgate | the Latin edition of the Bible translated from Hebrew and Greek mainly by St. Jerome at the end of the 4th century; as revised in 1592 it was adopted as the official text for the Roman Catholic Church. |
| ~ douay-rheims bible, douay-rheims version, douay bible, douay version, rheims-douay bible, rheims-douay version | an English translation of the Vulgate by Roman Catholic scholars. |
| ~ authorized version, king james bible, king james version | an English translation of the Bible published in 1611. |
| ~ revised version | a British revision of the Authorized Version. |
| ~ new english bible | a modern English version of the Bible and Apocrypha. |
| ~ american revised version, american standard version | a revised version of the King James Version. |
| ~ revised standard version | a revision of the American Standard Version. |
| ~ old testament | the collection of books comprising the sacred scripture of the Hebrews and recording their history as the chosen people; the first half of the Christian Bible. |
| ~ testament | either of the two main parts of the Christian Bible. |
| ~ new testament | the collection of books of the Gospels, Acts of the Apostles, the Pauline and other epistles, and Revelation; composed soon after Christ's death; the second half of the Christian Bible. |
| ~ covenant | (Bible) an agreement between God and his people in which God makes certain promises and requires certain behavior from them in return. |
| ~ eisegesis | personal interpretation of a text (especially of the Bible) using your own ideas. |
| ~ exegesis | an explanation or critical interpretation (especially of the Bible). |
| ~ text | a passage from the Bible that is used as the subject of a sermon.; "the preacher chose a text from Psalms to introduce his sermon" |
| ~ gabriel | (Bible) the archangel who was the messenger of God. |
| ~ noachian deluge, noah's flood, noah and the flood, the flood | (Biblical) the great deluge that is said in the Book of Genesis to have occurred in the time of Noah; it was brought by God upon the earth because of the wickedness of human beings. |
| ~ demythologise, demythologize | remove the mythical element from (writings).; "the Bible should be demythologized and examined for its historical value" |
| v. (communication) | 11. articulate, formulate, give voice, phrase, word | put into words or an expression.; "He formulated his concerns to the board of trustees" |
| ~ ask | direct or put; seek an answer to.; "ask a question" |
| ~ evince, express, show | give expression to.; "She showed her disappointment" |
| ~ lexicalise, lexicalize | make or coin into a word or accept a new word into the lexicon of a language.; "The concept expressed by German `Gemuetlichkeit' is not lexicalized in English" |
| ~ dogmatise, dogmatize | state as a dogma. |
| ~ formularise, formularize | express as a formula. |
| ~ couch, redact, put, frame, cast | formulate in a particular style or language.; "I wouldn't put it that way"; "She cast her request in very polite language" |
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