astronomer | | |
n. (person) | 1. astronomer, stargazer, uranologist | a physicist who studies astronomy. |
| ~ astronomy, uranology | the branch of physics that studies celestial bodies and the universe as a whole. |
| ~ astrophysicist | an astronomer who studies the physical properties of celestial bodies. |
| ~ cosmologist | an astronomer who studies the evolution and space-time relations of the universe. |
| ~ physicist | a scientist trained in physics. |
| ~ al-hasan ibn al-haytham, al-haytham, alhacen, alhazen, ibn al-haytham | an Egyptian polymath (born in Iraq) whose research in geometry and optics was influential into the 17th century; established experiments as the norm of proof in physics (died in 1040). |
| ~ anaximander | a presocratic Greek philosopher and student of Thales who believed the universal substance to be infinity rather than something resembling ordinary objects (611-547 BC). |
| ~ aristarchus of samos | an ancient Greek astronomer who was one of the first to propose a heliocentric theory of the universe (circa 270 BC). |
| ~ bessel, friedrich wilhelm bessel | German mathematician and astronomer who made accurate measurements of stellar distances and who predicted the existence on an 8th planet (1784-1846). |
| ~ bowditch, nathaniel bowditch | United States mathematician and astronomer noted for his works on navigation (1773-1838). |
| ~ brahe, tycho brahe | Danish astronomer whose observations of the planets provided the basis for Kepler's laws of planetary motion (1546-1601). |
| ~ anders celsius, celsius | Swedish astronomer who devised the centigrade thermometer (1701-1744). |
| ~ copernicus, mikolaj kopernik, nicolaus copernicus | Polish astronomer who produced a workable model of the solar system with the sun in the center (1473-1543). |
| ~ eddington, sir arthur stanley eddington | English astronomer remembered for his popular elucidation of relativity theory (1882-1944). |
| ~ eratosthenes | Greek mathematician and astronomer who estimated the circumference of the earth and the distances to the Moon and sun (276-194 BC). |
| ~ galileo, galileo galilei | Italian astronomer and mathematician who was the first to use a telescope to study the stars; demonstrated that different weights descend at the same rate; perfected the refracting telescope that enabled him to make many discoveries (1564-1642). |
| ~ george ellery hale, hale | United States astronomer who discovered that sunspots are associated with strong magnetic fields (1868-1938). |
| ~ asaph hall, hall | United States astronomer who discovered Phobos and Deimos (the two satellites of Mars) (1829-1907). |
| ~ edmond halley, edmund halley, halley | English astronomer who used Newton's laws of motion to predict the period of a comet (1656-1742). |
| ~ sir frederick william herschel, sir william herschel, william herschel, herschel | English astronomer (born in Germany) who discovered infrared light and who catalogued the stars and discovered the planet Uranus (1738-1822). |
| ~ herschel, john herschel, sir john frederick william herschel, sir john herschel | English astronomer (son of William Herschel) who extended the catalogue of stars to the southern hemisphere and did pioneering work in photography (1792-1871). |
| ~ hipparchus | Greek astronomer and mathematician who discovered the precession of the equinoxes and made the first known star chart and is said to have invented trigonometry (second century BC). |
| ~ huggins, sir william huggins | English astronomer who pioneered spectroscopic analysis in astronomy and who discovered the red shift (1824-1910). |
| ~ hypatia | Greek philosopher and astronomer; she invented the astrolabe (370-415). |
| ~ johan kepler, johannes kepler, kepler | German astronomer who first stated laws of planetary motion (1571-1630). |
| ~ gerard kuiper, gerard peter kuiper, kuiper | United States astronomer (born in the Netherlands) who studied the solar system and suggested in 1951 that there is a belt of comet-like debris at the edge of the solar system (1905-1973). |
| ~ samuel pierpoint langley, langley | United States astronomer and aviation pioneer who invented the bolometer and contributed to the design of early aircraft (1834-1906). |
| ~ laplace, marquis de laplace, pierre simon de laplace | French mathematician and astronomer who formulated the nebular hypothesis concerning the origins of the solar system and who developed the theory of probability (1749-1827). |
| ~ lovell, sir alfred charles bernard lovell, sir bernard lovell | English astronomer who pioneered radio astronomy (born in 1913). |
| ~ percival lowell, lowell | United States astronomer whose studies of Mars led him to conclude that Mars was inhabited (1855-1916). |
| ~ maria mitchell, mitchell | United States astronomer who studied sunspots and nebulae (1818-1889). |
| ~ johann muller, regiomontanus, muller | German mathematician and astronomer (1436-1476). |
| ~ newcomb, simon newcomb | United States astronomer (1835-1909). |
| ~ omar khayyam | Persian poet and mathematician and astronomer whose poetry was popularized by Edward Fitzgerald's translation (1050-1123). |
| ~ jan hendrix oort, oort | Dutch astronomer who proved that the galaxy is rotating and proposed the existence of the Oort cloud (1900-1992). |
| ~ benjamin peirce, peirce | United States mathematician and astronomer remembered for his studies of Uranus and Saturn and Neptune (1809-1880). |
| ~ claudius ptolemaeus, ptolemy | Alexandrian astronomer (of the 2nd century) who proposed a geocentric system of astronomy that was undisputed until the late Renaissance. |
| ~ david rittenhouse, rittenhouse | United States astronomer said to have built the first telescope made in America; also the first director of the United States Mint (1732-1796). |
| ~ henry norris russell, henry russell, russell | United States astronomer who developed a theory of stellar evolution (1877-1957). |
| ~ giovanni virginio schiaparelli, schiaparelli | Italian astronomer who first noted lines (which he called canals) on the surface of Mars (1835-1910). |
| ~ harlow shapley, shapley | United States astronomer (1885-1972). |
| ~ sitter, willem de sitter | Dutch astronomer who calculated the size of the universe and suggested that it is expanding (1872-1934). |
| ~ thales, thales of miletus | a presocratic Greek philosopher and astronomer (who predicted an eclipse in 585 BC) who was said by Aristotle to be the founder of physical science; he held that all things originated in water (624-546 BC). |
| ~ clyde tombaugh, clyde william tombaugh, tombaugh | United States astronomer who discovered the planet Pluto (1906-1997). |
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