| botany | | |
| n. (group) | 1. botany, flora, vegetation | all the plant life in a particular region or period.; "Pleistocene vegetation"; "the flora of southern California"; "the botany of China" |
| ~ plant life, flora, plant | (botany) a living organism lacking the power of locomotion. |
| ~ aggregation, collection, accumulation, assemblage | several things grouped together or considered as a whole. |
| ~ biota, biology | all the plant and animal life of a particular region. |
| ~ browse | vegetation (such as young shoots, twigs, and leaves) that is suitable for animals to eat.; "a deer needs to eat twenty pounds of browse every day" |
| ~ brush, coppice, copse, thicket, brushwood | a dense growth of bushes. |
| ~ growth | vegetation that has grown.; "a growth of trees"; "the only growth was some salt grass" |
| ~ chaparral, scrub, bush | dense vegetation consisting of stunted trees or bushes. |
| ~ stand | a growth of similar plants (usually trees) in a particular area.; "they cut down a stand of trees" |
| ~ forest, woods, wood | the trees and other plants in a large densely wooded area. |
| ~ shrubbery | a collection of shrubs growing together. |
| ~ garden | the flowers or vegetables or fruits or herbs that are cultivated in a garden. |
| ~ brier, brier patch, brierpatch | tangled mass of prickly plants. |
| ~ ground cover, groundcover | low-growing plants planted in deep shade or on a steep slope where turf is difficult to grow. |
| ~ mown, cut | (used of grass or vegetation) cut down with a hand implement or machine.; "the smell of newly mown hay" |
| ~ unmown, uncut | (used of grass or vegetation) not cut down with a hand implement or machine.; "uncut grass"; "an unmown lawn" |
| ~ sprouted | (of growing vegetation) having just emerged from the ground.; "the corn is sprouted" |
| ~ dried-up, sear, sere, shriveled, shrivelled, withered | (used especially of vegetation) having lost all moisture.; "dried-up grass"; "the desert was edged with sere vegetation"; "shriveled leaves on the unwatered seedlings"; "withered vines" |
| n. (cognition) | 2. botany, phytology | the branch of biology that studies plants. |
| ~ plant life, flora, plant | (botany) a living organism lacking the power of locomotion. |
| ~ etiolation | (botany) the act of causing a plant to develop without chlorophyll by growing it without exposure to sunlight.; "the etiolation of celery" |
| ~ biological science, biology | the science that studies living organisms. |
| ~ mycology | the branch of botany that studies fungi and fungus-caused diseases. |
| ~ pomology | the branch of botany that studies and cultivates fruits. |
| ~ palaeobotany, paleobotany | the study of fossil plants. |
| ~ algology, phycology | the branch of botany that studies algae. |
| ~ pteridology | the branch of botany that studies ferns. |
| ~ dissilience | the emergence of seeds as seed pods burst open when they are ripe. |
| ~ aestivation, estivation | (botany) the arrangement of sepals and petals in a flower bud before it opens. |
| ~ division | (botany) taxonomic unit of plants corresponding to a phylum. |
| ~ venation | (botany) the arrangement of veins in a leaf. |
| ~ vernation | (botany) the arrangement of young leaves in a leaf bud before it opens. |
| ~ scurf | (botany) a covering that resembles scales or bran that covers some plant parts. |
| ~ natural scientist, naturalist | a biologist knowledgeable about natural history (especially botany and zoology). |
| ~ kingdom plantae, plant kingdom, plantae | (botany) the taxonomic kingdom comprising all living or extinct plants. |
| ~ annual | (botany) a plant that completes its entire life cycle within the space of a year. |
| ~ biennial | (botany) a plant having a life cycle that normally takes two seasons from germination to death to complete; flowering biennials usually bloom and fruit in the second season. |
| ~ perennial | (botany) a plant lasting for three seasons or more. |
| ~ style | (botany) the narrow elongated part of the pistil between the ovary and the stigma. |
| ~ germ tube | (botany) a slender tubular outgrowth from a spore in germination. |
| ~ pollen tube | (botany) a slender tubular outgrowth from a pollen grain when deposited on the stigma for a flower; it penetrates the style and conveys the male gametes to the ovule. |
| ~ peristome | (botany) fringe of toothlike appendages surrounding the mouth of a moss capsule. |
| ~ embryo | (botany) a minute rudimentary plant contained within a seed or an archegonium. |
| ~ corolla | (botany) the whorl of petals of a flower that collectively form an inner floral envelope or layer of the perianth.; "we cultivate the flower for its corolla" |
| ~ corona | (botany) the trumpet-shaped or cup-shaped outgrowth of the corolla of a daffodil or narcissus flower. |
| ~ calyx | (botany) the whorl of sepals of a flower collectively forming the outer floral envelope or layer of the perianth enclosing and supporting the developing bud; usually green. |
| ~ lip | (botany) either of the two parts of a bilabiate corolla or calyx. |
| ~ papilla | (botany) a tiny outgrowth on the surface of a petal or leaf. |
| ~ pitcher | (botany) a leaf that that is modified in such a way as to resemble a pitcher or ewer. |
| ~ apophysis | (botany) a natural swelling or enlargement: at the base of the stalk or seta in certain mosses or on the cone scale of certain conifers. |
| ~ callus | (botany) an isolated thickening of tissue, especially a stiff protuberance on the lip of an orchid. |
| ~ blister | (botany) a swelling on a plant similar to that on the skin. |
| ~ coma | (botany) a usually terminal tuft of bracts (as in the pineapple) or tuft of hairs (especially on certain seeds). |
| ~ phloem, bast | (botany) tissue that conducts synthesized food substances (e.g., from leaves) to parts where needed; consists primarily of sieve tubes. |
| ~ root | (botany) the usually underground organ that lacks buds or leaves or nodes; absorbs water and mineral salts; usually it anchors the plant to the ground. |
| ~ taproot | (botany) main root of a plant growing straight downward from the stem. |
| ~ spike | (botany) an indeterminate inflorescence bearing sessile flowers on an unbranched axis. |
| ~ leaf node, node | (botany) the small swelling that is the part of a plant stem from which one or more leaves emerge. |
| ~ lobe | (botany) a part into which a leaf is divided. |
| ~ ligule | (botany) any appendage to a plant that is shaped like a strap. |
| ~ apogamy | (botany) development of an embryo without fertilization; especially the development in some ferns of a sporophyte from the gametophyte without fertilization. |
| ~ cohesion | (botany) the process in some plants of parts growing together that are usually separate (such as petals). |
| ~ foliation, leafing | (botany) the process of forming leaves. |
| ~ parthenocarpy | (botany) the development of a fruit without fertilization or seeds. |
| ~ growth regulator, phytohormone, plant hormone | (botany) a plant product that acts like a hormone. |
| ~ phellem, cork | (botany) outer tissue of bark; a protective layer of dead cells. |
| ~ sporulate | convert into spores. |
| ~ invaginate | sheathe.; "The chrysalis is invaginated" |
| ~ sporulate | produce spores.; "plants sporulate" |
| ~ acroscopic | facing or on the side toward the apex. |
| ~ basiscopic | facing or on the side toward the base. |
| ~ acropetal | of leaves or flowers; developing or opening in succession from base to apex. |
| ~ basipetal | of leaves or flowers; developing or opening in succession from apex to base. |
| ~ basifixed | attached by its base (as certain anthers to their filaments or stalks). |
| ~ comal, comate, comose | of certain seeds (such as cotton) having a tuft or tufts of hair.; "comate (or comose) seeds"; "a comal tuft" |
| ~ carpellate, pistillate | bearing or consisting of carpels. |
| ~ acarpellous, acarpelous | having no carpels. |
| ~ cauline | especially of leaves; growing on a stem especially on the upper part of a stem.; "cauline leaves" |
| ~ basal, radical | especially of leaves; located at the base of a plant or stem; especially arising directly from the root or rootstock or a root-like stem.; "basal placentation"; "radical leaves" |
| ~ caulescent, cauline, stemmed | (of plants) producing a well-developed stem above ground. |
| ~ acaulescent, stemless | (of plants) having no apparent stem above ground. |
| ~ outward-developing | away from an axis, as in a flower cluster in which the oldest flowers are in the center, the youngest near the edge. |
| ~ inward-developing | toward an axis, as in a sunflower; the oldest flowers are near the edge, the youngest in the center. |
| ~ chlamydeous | having a floral envelope or perianth consisting of a calyx and/or corolla. |
| ~ achlamydeous | not having a floral envelope or perianth. |
| ~ brachiate | having widely spreading paired branches.; "maples are brachiate" |
| ~ comate, comose | bearing a coma; crowned with an assemblage of branches or leaves or bracts.; "comate royal palms"; "pineapples are comate" |
| ~ cyclic | forming a whorl or having parts arranged in a whorl.; "cyclic petals"; "cyclic flowers" |
| ~ acyclic | not cyclic; especially having parts arranged in spirals rather than whorls. |
| ~ annual, one-year | completing its life cycle within a year.; "a border of annual flowering plants" |
| ~ biennial, two-year | having a life cycle lasting two seasons.; "a biennial life cycle"; "parsnips and carrots are biennial plants often grown as annuals" |
| ~ perennial | lasting three seasons or more.; "the common buttercup is a popular perennial plant" |
| ~ determinate | not continuing to grow indefinitely at the apex.; "determinate growth" |
| ~ cymose | having a usually flat-topped flower cluster in which the main and branch stems each end in a flower that opens before those below it or to its side. |
| ~ indeterminate | having a capacity for continuing to grow at the apex.; "an indeterminate stem" |
| ~ racemose | having stalked flowers along an elongated stem that continue to open in succession from below as the stem continues to grow.; "lilies of the valley are racemose" |
| ~ dextrorsal, dextrorse | spiraling upward from left to right.; "dextrorse vines" |
| ~ sinistrorsal, sinistrorse | spiraling upward from right to left.; "sinistrorse vines" |
| ~ precocious | appearing or developing early.; "precocious flowers appear before the leaves as in some species of magnolias" |
| ~ autogamic, autogamous | characterized by or fit for autogamy. |
| ~ endogamic, endogamous | characterized by or fit for fertilization by pollen from another flower of the same kind. |
| ~ exogamic, exogamous | characterized by or fit for fertilization by a flower that is not closely related. |
| ~ fastigiate | having clusters of erect branches (often appearing to form a single column). |
| ~ aerial | existing or living or growing or operating in the air.; "aerial roots of a philodendron"; "aerial particles"; "small aerial creatures such as butterflies"; "aerial warfare"; "aerial photography"; "aerial cable cars" |
| ~ antheral, staminate | capable of fertilizing female organs. |
| ~ pistillate | having gynoecia, or pistils, the ovule-bearing organ of a seed plant. |
| ~ monoclinous | having pistils and stamens in the same flower. |
| ~ diclinous | having pistils and stamens in separate flowers. |
| ~ capsulate, capsulated | used of seeds or spores that are enclosed in a capsule. |
| ~ opposite, paired | of leaves etc; growing in pairs on either side of a stem.; "opposite leaves" |
| ~ alternate | of leaves and branches etc; first on one side and then on the other in two ranks along an axis; not paired.; "stems with alternate leaves" |
| ~ ariled, arillate | (of some seeds) having a fleshy and usually brightly colored cover. |
| ~ foliate | (often used as a combining form) having or resembling a leaf or having a specified kind or number of leaves.; "`foliate' is combined with the prefix `tri' to form the word `trifoliate'" |
| ~ foliolate | (often used as a combining form) having leaflets (compound leaves) or a specified kind or number of leaflets.; "`foliolate' is combined with the prefix `bi' to form the word `bifoliolate'" |
| ~ aphyllous | having no leaves. |
| ~ scapose | resembling or consisting of a scape; having a bare leafless stalk growing directly from the ground.; "tulips are scapose flowers"; "a scapose stalk"; "a scapose column"; "the scapose portion of a feather" |
| ~ bilabiate, two-lipped | having two lips.; "the corolla of a snapdragon is bilabiate" |
| ~ cancellate, cancellated, clathrate | having a latticelike structure pierced with holes or windows. |
| ~ terete | especially of plant parts; cylindrical and tapering. |
| ~ torulose | of a cylindrical or ellipsoid body; swollen and constricted at intervals. |
| ~ unsubdivided, simple | (botany) of leaf shapes; of leaves having no divisions or subdivisions. |
| ~ compound | composed of more than one part.; "compound leaves are composed of several lobes"; "compound flower heads" |
| ~ aggregate | composed of a dense cluster of separate units such as carpels or florets or drupelets.; "raspberries are aggregate fruits" |
| ~ double | used of flowers having more than the usual number of petals in crowded or overlapping arrangements.; "double chrysanthemums have many rows of petals and are usually spherical or hemispherical" |
| ~ single | used of flowers having usually only one row or whorl of petals.; "single chrysanthemums resemble daisies and may have more than one row of petals" |
| ~ bullate | of leaves; appearing puckered as if blistered. |
| ~ imbricate, imbricated | used especially of leaves or bracts; overlapping or layered as scales or shingles. |
| ~ squamulose | covered with tiny scales. |
| ~ rugose | of leaves; ridged or wrinkled. |
| ~ smooth | of the margin of a leaf shape; not broken up into teeth. |
| ~ rough | of the margin of a leaf shape; having the edge cut or fringed or scalloped. |
| ~ convolute, convoluted | rolled longitudinally upon itself.; "a convolute petal" |
| ~ involute, rolled | especially of petals or leaves in bud; having margins rolled inward. |
| ~ bifid | divided into two lobes.; "a bifid petal" |
| ~ pentamerous | divided into five parts; specifically, having each floral whorl consist of five (or a multiple of five) members.; "pentamerous flowers" |
| ~ trifid | divided into three lobes.; "trifid petals" |
| ~ assurgent | growing or extending upward.; "an assurgent stem or leaf" |
| ~ ligneous | consisting of or containing lignin or xylem.; "ligneous (or woody) tissue" |
| ~ alliaceous | of or pertaining to the botanical genus Allium.; "onions, leeks, garlic, chives are alliaceous plants" |
| ~ apogametic, apogamic, apogamous | of or relating to the development of an embryo in the absence of fertilization. |
| ~ apomictic, apomictical | of or relating to a plant that reproduces by apomixis. |
| ~ apothecial | of or relating to the apothecium of some lichens and fungi. |
| ~ archegonial, archegoniate | of or relating to an archegonium. |
| ~ archesporial | of or relating to the cells in a sporangium that give rise to spores. |
| ~ araceous, aroid | relating to a plant of the family Araceae. |
| ~ arthrosporic, arthrosporous | of or relating to arthrospores. |
| ~ asclepiadaceous | of or relating to plants of the milkweed family. |
| ~ ascocarpous | of or relating to ascocarps. |
| ~ ascosporic, ascosporous | of or relating to ascospores. |
| ~ autophytic, autotrophic | of or relating to organisms (as green plants) that can make complex organic nutritive compounds from simple inorganic sources by photosynthesis. |
| ~ heterotrophic | requiring organic compounds of carbon and nitrogen for nourishment.; "most animals are heterotrophic" |
| ~ axile, axial | relating to or attached to the axis.; "axial angle" |
| ~ basidiomycetous | pertaining to or characteristic of fungi of the class Basidiomycetes. |
| ~ basidiosporous | of or relating to or characterized by spores produced by basidia. |
| ~ bicapsular | divided into two capsules or having a two-part capsule. |
| ~ calyceal, calycinal, calycine | of or relating to or resembling a calyx. |
| ~ cambial | of or relating to or functioning as a cambium. |
| ~ capsular | of or relating to a capsule. |
| ~ composite | of or relating to or belonging to the plant family Compositae. |
| ~ homostyled, homostylic, homostylous | (botany) having styles all of the same length. |
| ~ panicled | having panicles; occurring in panicles.; "a panicled inflorescence" |
| ~ self-pollinating | of or relating to or characteristic of self-pollination. |
| ~ umbelliform | resembling or in the form of an umbel. |
| ~ umbelliferous | relating to or belonging to plants of the family Umbelliferae. |
| ~ cruciferous | of or relating to or belonging to the plant family Cruciferae. |
| ~ tomentose | covered with densely matted filaments. |
| ~ epiphytic | of or relating to epiphytes. |
| ~ lithophytic | of or relating to lithophytes. |
| ~ myrmecophytic | of or relating to myrmecophytes. |
| ~ bladed | having a blade or blades; often used in combination.; "a single-bladed leaf"; "narrow-bladed grass" |
| ~ spicate | having or relating to spikes.; "spicate inflorescence" |
| ~ alar, axillary | of or relating to the axil. |
| ~ paniculate | having a panicle. |
| ~ phyllodial | having a phyllode. |
| ~ involucrate | having an involucre. |
| ~ bryophytic | relating to plants of the division Bryophyta. |
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