| closing | | |
| n. (act) | 1. closing, shutting | the act of closing something. |
| ~ movement, motility, motion, move | a change of position that does not entail a change of location.; "the reflex motion of his eyebrows revealed his surprise"; "movement is a sign of life"; "an impatient move of his hand"; "gastrointestinal motility" |
| n. (communication) | 2. close, closing, conclusion, end, ending | the last section of a communication.; "in conclusion I want to say..." |
| ~ anticlimax, bathos | a change from a serious subject to a disappointing one. |
| ~ section, subdivision | a self-contained part of a larger composition (written or musical).; "he always turns first to the business section"; "the history of this work is discussed in the next section" |
| ~ epilog, epilogue | a short passage added at the end of a literary work.; "the epilogue told what eventually happened to the main characters" |
| ~ epilog, epilogue | a short speech (often in verse) addressed directly to the audience by an actor at the end of a play. |
| ~ peroration | (rhetoric) the concluding section of an oration.; "he summarized his main points in his peroration" |
| ~ coda, finale | the closing section of a musical composition. |
| ~ recital, yarn, narration | the act of giving an account describing incidents or a course of events.; "his narration was hesitant" |
| ~ speech, address | the act of delivering a formal spoken communication to an audience.; "he listened to an address on minor Roman poets" |
| n. (act) | 3. closing, closure | approaching a particular destination; a coming closer; a narrowing of a gap.; "the ship's rapid rate of closing gave them little time to avoid a collision" |
| ~ coming, approach, approaching | the act of drawing spatially closer to something.; "the hunter's approach scattered the geese" |
| n. (act) | 4. closedown, closing, closure, shutdown | termination of operations.; "they regretted the closure of the day care center" |
| ~ ending, termination, conclusion | the act of ending something.; "the termination of the agreement" |
| ~ plant closing | act of shutting down operation of a plant. |
| ~ bank closing | act of closing down a bank because of a fiscal emergency or failure. |
| ~ layoff | the act of laying off an employee or a work force. |
| n. (act) | 5. closing, completion, culmination, mop up, windup | a concluding action. |
| ~ consummation | the act of bringing to completion or fruition. |
| ~ consummation | the completion of marriage by sexual intercourse. |
| ~ ending, termination, conclusion | the act of ending something.; "the termination of the agreement" |
| ~ finishing, finish | the act of finishing.; "his best finish in a major tournament was third"; "the speaker's finishing was greeted with applause" |
| ~ finalisation, finalization | the act of finalizing. |
| ~ follow-through | carrying some project or intention to full completion.; "I appreciated his follow-through on his promise" |
| ~ follow-through | the act of carrying a stroke to its natural completion.; "his follow-through was straight down the line toward the target"; "squash can be dangerous if your opponent has a long follow-through" |
| ~ graduation | the successful completion of a program of study. |
| adj. | 6. closing | final or ending.; "the closing stages of the election"; "the closing weeks of the year"; "the closing scene of the film"; "closing remarks" |
| ~ concluding, final, last, terminal | occurring at or forming an end or termination.; "his concluding words came as a surprise"; "the final chapter"; "the last days of the dinosaurs"; "terminal leave" |
| ~ terminative | coming to an end.; "a contract terminative with the end of the war" |
| ~ year-end | taking place at the close of a fiscal year.; "year-end audit" |
| fastening | | |
| n. (artifact) | 1. fastener, fastening, fixing, holdfast | restraint that attaches to something or holds something in place. |
| ~ bellyband | a strap around the belly of a draft animal holding the shafts of a wagon. |
| ~ buckle | fastener that fastens together two ends of a belt or strap; often has loose prong. |
| ~ button | a round fastener sewn to shirts and coats etc to fit through buttonholes. |
| ~ carabiner, karabiner, snap ring | an oblong metal ring with a spring clip; used in mountaineering to attach a rope to a piton or to connect two ropes. |
| ~ catch | a fastener that fastens or locks a door or window. |
| ~ clasp | a fastener (as a buckle or hook) that is used to hold two things together. |
| ~ cleat | a fastener (usually with two projecting horns) around which a rope can be secured. |
| ~ clinch | the flattened part of a nail or bolt or rivet. |
| ~ clip | any of various small fasteners used to hold loose articles together. |
| ~ clothes peg, clothes pin, clothespin | wood or plastic fastener; for holding clothes on a clothesline. |
| ~ corrugated fastener, wiggle nail | a small strip of corrugated steel with sharp points on one side; hammered across wood joints in rough carpentry. |
| ~ cottar, cotter | fastener consisting of a wedge or pin inserted through a slot to hold two other pieces together. |
| ~ cringle, grommet, grummet, loop, eyelet | fastener consisting of a metal ring for lining a small hole to permit the attachment of cords or lines. |
| ~ dowel, dowel pin, joggle | a fastener that is inserted into holes in two adjacent pieces and holds them together. |
| ~ stopping, fillet | fastener consisting of a narrow strip of welded metal used to join steel members. |
| ~ hook and eye | a kind of fastener used on clothing. |
| ~ knot | any of various fastenings formed by looping and tying a rope (or cord) upon itself or to another rope or to another object. |
| ~ lashing | rope that is used for fastening something to something else.; "the boats were held together by lashings" |
| ~ linkup, tie-in, link, tie | a fastener that serves to join or connect.; "the walls are held together with metal links placed in the wet mortar during construction" |
| ~ lock | a fastener fitted to a door or drawer to keep it firmly closed. |
| ~ locker | a fastener that locks or closes. |
| ~ nail | a thin pointed piece of metal that is hammered into materials as a fastener. |
| ~ nut and bolt | a fastener made by screwing a nut onto a threaded bolt. |
| ~ paper fastener | a fastener for holding a sheet of paper in place. |
| ~ pin | a small slender (often pointed) piece of wood or metal used to support or fasten or attach things. |
| ~ constraint, restraint | a device that retards something's motion.; "the car did not have proper restraints fitted" |
| ~ screw | a fastener with a tapered threaded shank and a slotted head. |
| ~ seal | fastener that provides a tight and perfect closure. |
| ~ seal, sealing wax | fastener consisting of a resinous composition that is plastic when warm; used for sealing documents and parcels and letters. |
| ~ slide fastener, zip fastener, zipper, zip | a fastener for locking together two toothed edges by means of a sliding tab. |
| ~ press stud, snap fastener, snap | a fastener used on clothing; fastens with a snapping sound.; "children can manage snaps better than buttons" |
| ~ toggle | a fastener consisting of a peg or pin or crosspiece that is inserted into an eye at the end of a rope or a chain or a cable in order to fasten it to something (as another rope or chain or cable). |
| ~ toggle bolt | a fastener consisting of a threaded bolt and a hinged spring-loaded toggle; used to fasten objects to hollow walls. |
| n. (act) | 2. attachment, fastening | the act of fastening things together. |
| ~ joining, connexion, connection | the act of bringing two things into contact (especially for communication).; "the joining of hands around the table"; "there was a connection via the internet" |
| ~ soldering, bonding | fastening firmly together. |
| ~ doweling | fastening by dowels. |
| ~ earthing, grounding | fastening electrical equipment to earth. |
| ~ linkage | the act of linking things together. |
| ~ tying, ligature | the act of tying or binding things together. |
| ~ welding | fastening two pieces of metal together by softening with heat and applying pressure. |
| ~ fixation | the activity of fastening something firmly in position. |
| shutting | | |
| close | | |
| n. (time) | 1. close, conclusion, finale, finis, finish, last, stopping point | the temporal end; the concluding time.; "the stopping point of each round was signaled by a bell"; "the market was up at the finish"; "they were playing better at the close of the season" |
| ~ end, ending | the point in time at which something ends.; "the end of the year"; "the ending of warranty period" |
| n. (act) | 2. close, closing curtain, finale, finis | the concluding part of any performance. |
| ~ finishing, finish | the act of finishing.; "his best finish in a major tournament was third"; "the speaker's finishing was greeted with applause" |
| v. (contact) | 3. close, shut | move so that an opening or passage is obstructed; make shut.; "Close the door"; "shut the window" |
| ~ snap | close with a snapping motion.; "The lock snapped shut" |
| ~ slat | close the slats of (windows). |
| ~ slam, bang | close violently.; "He slammed the door shut" |
| ~ shutter | close with shutters.; "We shuttered the window to keep the house cool" |
| ~ draw | move or pull so as to cover or uncover something.; "draw the shades"; "draw the curtains" |
| ~ roll up | close (a car window) by causing it to move up, as with a handle.; "she rolled up the window when it started to rain" |
| ~ bung | close with a cork or stopper. |
| ~ close, shut | become closed.; "The windows closed with a loud bang" |
| ~ close, shut | become closed.; "The windows closed with a loud bang" |
| ~ seal, seal off | make tight; secure against leakage.; "seal the windows" |
| v. (contact) | 4. close, shut | become closed.; "The windows closed with a loud bang" |
| ~ change state, turn | undergo a transformation or a change of position or action.; "We turned from Socialism to Capitalism"; "The people turned against the President when he stole the election" |
| ~ close, shut | move so that an opening or passage is obstructed; make shut.; "Close the door"; "shut the window" |
| v. (social) | 5. close, close down, close up, fold, shut down | cease to operate or cause to cease operating.; "The owners decided to move and to close the factory"; "My business closes every night at 8 P.M."; "close up the shop" |
| ~ adjourn, retire, withdraw | break from a meeting or gathering.; "We adjourned for lunch"; "The men retired to the library" |
| v. (social) | 6. close | finish or terminate (meetings, speeches, etc.).; "The meeting was closed with a charge by the chairman of the board" |
| ~ terminate, end | bring to an end or halt.; "She ended their friendship when she found out that he had once been convicted of a crime"; "The attack on Poland terminated the relatively peaceful period after WW I" |
| v. (stative) | 7. close, conclude | come to a close.; "The concert closed with a nocturne by Chopin" |
| ~ end, cease, terminate, finish, stop | have an end, in a temporal, spatial, or quantitative sense; either spatial or metaphorical.; "the bronchioles terminate in a capillary bed"; "Your rights stop where you infringe upon the rights of other"; "My property ends by the bushes"; "The symphony ends in a pianissimo" |
| v. (communication) | 8. close | complete a business deal, negotiation, or an agreement.; "We closed on the house on Friday"; "They closed the deal on the building" |
| ~ terminate, end | bring to an end or halt.; "She ended their friendship when she found out that he had once been convicted of a crime"; "The attack on Poland terminated the relatively peaceful period after WW I" |
| v. (stative) | 9. close | be priced or listed when trading stops.; "The stock market closed high this Friday"; "My new stocks closed at $59 last night" |
| ~ trade | be traded at a certain price or under certain conditions.; "The stock traded around $20 a share" |
| v. (social) | 10. close | engage at close quarters.; "close with the enemy" |
| ~ engage, pursue, prosecute | carry out or participate in an activity; be involved in.; "She pursued many activities"; "They engaged in a discussion" |
| v. (perception) | 11. close | cause a window or an application to disappear on a computer desktop. |
| ~ end, terminate | be the end of; be the last or concluding part of.; "This sad scene ended the movie" |
| v. (motion) | 12. close | change one's body stance so that the forward shoulder and foot are closer to the intended point of impact. |
| ~ ball game, ballgame | a field game played with a ball (especially baseball). |
| ~ move | move so as to change position, perform a nontranslational motion.; "He moved his hand slightly to the right" |
| v. (motion) | 13. close, come together | come together, as if in an embrace.; "Her arms closed around her long lost relative" |
| ~ move | move so as to change position, perform a nontranslational motion.; "He moved his hand slightly to the right" |
| v. (motion) | 14. close | draw near.; "The probe closed with the space station" |
| ~ approach, draw near, near, come near, come on, draw close, go up | move towards.; "We were approaching our destination"; "They are drawing near"; "The enemy army came nearer and nearer" |
| v. (contact) | 15. close | bring together all the elements or parts of.; "Management closed ranks" |
| ~ bring together, join | cause to become joined or linked.; "join these two parts so that they fit together" |
| v. (contact) | 16. close | bar access to.; "Due to the accident, the road had to be closed for several hours" |
| ~ barricade, block, block up, bar, block off, blockade, stop | render unsuitable for passage.; "block the way"; "barricade the streets"; "stop the busy road" |
| v. (contact) | 17. close, fill up | fill or stop up.; "Can you close the cracks with caulking?" |
| ~ fill | plug with a substance.; "fill a cavity" |
| ~ seal | close with or as if with a seal.; "She sealed the letter with hot wax" |
| ~ plug, stop up, secure | fill or close tightly with or as if with a plug.; "plug the hole"; "stop up the leak" |
| ~ coapt, conglutinate | cause to adhere.; "The wounds were coapted" |
| v. (contact) | 18. close, close up | unite or bring into contact or bring together the edges of.; "close the circuit"; "close a wound"; "close a book"; "close up an umbrella" |
| ~ bring together, join | cause to become joined or linked.; "join these two parts so that they fit together" |
| v. (change) | 19. close | finish a game in baseball by protecting a lead.; "The relief pitcher closed with two runs in the second inning" |
| ~ complete, finish | come or bring to a finish or an end.; "He finished the dishes"; "She completed the requirements for her Master's Degree"; "The fastest runner finished the race in just over 2 hours; others finished in over 4 hours" |
| adj. | 20. close | at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other.; "close to noon"; "how close are we to town?"; "a close formation of ships" |
| ~ adjacent, side by side, next | nearest in space or position; immediately adjoining without intervening space.; "had adjacent rooms"; "in the next room"; "the person sitting next to me"; "our rooms were side by side" |
| ~ ambient | completely enveloping.; "the ambient air"; "ambient sound"; "the ambient temperature" |
| ~ adpressed, appressed | pressed close to or lying flat against something.; "adpressed hairs along the plant's stem"; "igneous rocks...closely appressed by this force" |
| ~ close together, approximate | located close together.; "with heads close together"; "approximate leaves grow together but are not united" |
| ~ imminent, impendent, impending, at hand, close at hand | close in time; about to occur.; "retribution is at hand"; "some people believe the day of judgment is close at hand"; "in imminent danger"; "his impending retirement" |
| ~ at hand, close at hand | close in space; within reach.; "the town is close at hand" |
| ~ close-hauled | having the sails trimmed for sailing as close to the wind as possible. |
| ~ close-set, close set | set close together.; "close-set eyes"; "close-set teeth"; "her eyes are close set" |
| ~ contiguous, immediate | very close or connected in space or time.; "contiguous events"; "immediate contact"; "the immediate vicinity"; "the immediate past" |
| ~ circumferent, surrounding, encompassing | closely encircling.; "encompassing mountain ranges"; "the surrounding countryside" |
| ~ enveloping | surrounding and closing in on or hemming in.; "the army's enveloping maneuver" |
| ~ hand-to-hand | being at close quarters.; "hand-to-hand fighting" |
| ~ juxtaposed | placed side by side often for comparison.; "juxtaposed pictures" |
| ~ nestled, snuggled | drawn or pressed close to someone or something for or as if for affection or protection.; "saw a number of small houses nestled against the hillside"; "like a baby snuggled in its mother's arms" |
| ~ proximate | very close in space or time.; "proximate words"; "proximate houses" |
| ~ scalelike | reduced to a small appressed thing that resembles a scale.; "scalelike leaves" |
| ~ walk-to, walking | close enough to be walked to.; "walking distance"; "the factory with the big parking lot...is more convenient than the walk-to factory" |
| adj. | 21. close | close in relevance or relationship.; "a close family"; "we are all...in close sympathy with..."; "close kin"; "a close resemblance" |
| ~ approximate, near | very close in resemblance.; "sketched in an approximate likeness"; "a near likeness" |
| ~ boon | very close and convivial.; "boon companions" |
| ~ buddy-buddy, chummy, thick | (used informally) associated on close terms.; "a close friend"; "the bartender was chummy with the regular customers"; "the two were thick as thieves for months" |
| ~ close-knit, closely knit | held together as by social or cultural ties.; "a close-knit family"; "close-knit little villages"; "the group was closely knit" |
| ~ confidential | denoting confidence or intimacy.; "a confidential approach"; "in confidential tone of voice" |
| ~ cozy | suggesting connivance.; "a cozy arrangement with the police" |
| ~ dear, near, good | with or in a close or intimate relationship.; "a good friend"; "my sisters and brothers are near and dear" |
| ~ intimate, familiar | having mutual interests or affections; of established friendship.; "on familiar terms"; "pretending she is on an intimate footing with those she slanders" |
| ~ intimate | marked by close acquaintance, association, or familiarity.; "intimate friend"; "intimate relations between economics, politics, and legal principles" |
| adj. | 22. close, near, nigh | not far distant in time or space or degree or circumstances.; "near neighbors"; "in the near future"; "they are near equals"; "his nearest approach to success"; "a very near thing"; "a near hit by the bomb"; "she was near tears"; "she was close to tears"; "had a close call" |
| ~ adjacent | near or close to but not necessarily touching.; "lands adjacent to the mountains"; "New York and adjacent cities" |
| ~ nearby | close at hand.; "the nearby towns"; "concentrated his study on the nearby planet Venus" |
| ~ warm | of a seeker; near to the object sought.; "you're getting warm"; "hot on the trail" |
| ~ hot | of a seeker; very near to the object sought.; "you are hot" |
| adj. | 23. close | rigorously attentive; strict and thorough.; "close supervision"; "paid close attention"; "a close study"; "kept a close watch on expenditures" |
| ~ careful | exercising caution or showing care or attention.; "they were careful when crossing the busy street"; "be careful to keep her shoes clean"; "did very careful research"; "careful art restorers"; "careful of the rights of others"; "careful about one's behavior" |
| adj. | 24. close, faithful | marked by fidelity to an original.; "a close translation"; "a faithful copy of the portrait"; "a faithful rendering of the observed facts" |
| ~ accurate | conforming exactly or almost exactly to fact or to a standard or performing with total accuracy.; "an accurate reproduction"; "the accounting was accurate"; "accurate measurements"; "an accurate scale" |
| adj. | 25. close, tight | (of a contest or contestants) evenly matched.; "a close contest"; "a close election"; "a tight game" |
| ~ equal | having the same quantity, value, or measure as another.; "on equal terms"; "all men are equal before the law" |
| adj. | 26. close, confining | crowded.; "close quarters" |
| ~ confined | not free to move about. |
| adj. | 27. airless, close, stuffy, unaired | lacking fresh air.; "a dusty airless attic"; "the dreadfully close atmosphere"; "hot and stuffy and the air was blue with smoke" |
| ~ unventilated | not ventilated.; "stuffy unventilated rooms" |
| adj. | 28. close, tight | of textiles.; "a close weave"; "smooth percale with a very tight weave" |
| ~ fine | of textures that are smooth to the touch or substances consisting of relatively small particles.; "wood with a fine grain"; "fine powdery snow"; "fine rain"; "batiste is a cotton fabric with a fine weave"; "covered with a fine film of dust" |
| adj. | 29. close | strictly confined or guarded.; "kept under close custody" |
| ~ restrained | under restraint. |
| adj. | 30. close | confined to specific persons.; "a close secret" |
| ~ private | confined to particular persons or groups or providing privacy.; "a private place"; "private discussions"; "private lessons"; "a private club"; "a private secretary"; "private property"; "the former President is now a private citizen"; "public figures struggle to maintain a private life" |
| adj. | 31. close, close-fitting, snug | fitting closely but comfortably.; "a close fit" |
| ~ tight | closely constrained or constricted or constricting.; "tight skirts"; "he hated tight starched collars"; "fingers closed in a tight fist"; "a tight feeling in his chest" |
| adj. | 32. close | used of hair or haircuts.; "a close military haircut" |
| ~ short | (primarily spatial sense) having little length or lacking in length.; "short skirts"; "short hair"; "the board was a foot short"; "a short toss" |
| adj. | 33. cheeseparing, close, near, penny-pinching, skinny | giving or spending with reluctance.; "our cheeseparing administration"; "very close (or near) with his money"; "a penny-pinching miserly old man" |
| ~ stingy, ungenerous | unwilling to spend.; "she practices economy without being stingy"; "an ungenerous response to the appeal for funds" |
| adj. | 34. close, closelipped, closemouthed, secretive, tightlipped | inclined to secrecy or reticence about divulging information.; "although they knew her whereabouts her friends kept close about it" |
| ~ incommunicative, uncommunicative | not inclined to talk or give information or express opinions. |
| adv. | 35. close, near, nigh | near in time or place or relationship.; "as the wedding day drew near"; "stood near the door"; "don't shoot until they come near"; "getting near to the true explanation"; "her mother is always near"; "The end draws nigh"; "the bullet didn't come close"; "don't get too close to the fire" |
| adv. | 36. close, closely, tight | in an attentive manner.; "he remained close on his guard" |
| shut | | |
| v. (social) | 1. exclude, keep out, shut, shut out | prevent from entering; shut out.; "The trees were shutting out all sunlight"; "This policy excludes people who have a criminal record from entering the country" |
| ~ excommunicate, unchurch, curse | exclude from a church or a religious community.; "The gay priest was excommunicated when he married his partner" |
| ~ lock out | prevent employees from working during a strike. |
| ~ prevent, keep | stop (someone or something) from doing something or being in a certain state.; "We must prevent the cancer from spreading"; "His snoring kept me from falling asleep"; "Keep the child from eating the marbles" |
| ~ ostracise, ostracize | avoid speaking to or dealing with.; "Ever since I spoke up, my colleagues ostracize me" |
| adj. | 2. closed, shut, unopen | not open.; "the door slammed shut" |
| ~ closed | not open or affording passage or access.; "the many closed streets made travel difficult"; "our neighbors peeped from behind closed curtains" |
| adj. | 3. closed, shut | used especially of mouth or eyes.; "he sat quietly with closed eyes"; "his eyes were shut against the sunlight" |
| ~ blinking, winking | closing the eyes intermittently and rapidly.; "he stood blinking in the bright sunlight" |
| ~ compressed, tight | pressed tightly together.; "with lips compressed" |
| ~ squinched, squinting | having eyes half closed in order to see better.; "squinched eyes" |
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