| written | | |
| adj. | 1. written | set down in writing in any of various ways.; "written evidence" |
| ~ scripted, written | written as for a film or play or broadcast. |
| ~ left-slanting, backhand | (of handwriting) having the letters slanting backward. |
| ~ cursive | having successive letter joined together.; "cursive script" |
| ~ engrossed | written formally in a large clear script, as a deed or other legal document. |
| ~ graphic, in writing, graphical | written or drawn or engraved.; "graphic symbols" |
| ~ handwritten | written by hand. |
| ~ holographic | written wholly in the handwriting of the signer.; "a holographic will" |
| ~ inscribed | written (by handwriting, printing, engraving, or carving) on or in a surface. |
| ~ longhand | having words written out in full by hand.; "longhand writing" |
| ~ scrivened | copied in handwriting. |
| ~ shorthand | written in abbreviated or symbolic form.; "shorthand notes" |
| adj. | 2. written | systematically collected and written down.; "written laws" |
| ~ codified, statute | enacted by a legislative body.; "statute law"; "codified written laws" |
| adj. | 3. scripted, written | written as for a film or play or broadcast. |
| article | | |
| n. (communication) | 1. article | nonfictional prose forming an independent part of a publication. |
| ~ editorial, newspaper column, column | an article giving opinions or perspectives. |
| ~ feature article, feature | a special or prominent article in a newspaper or magazine.; "they ran a feature on retirement planning" |
| ~ magazine article | an article published in a magazine. |
| ~ news article, news story, newspaper article | an article reporting news. |
| ~ piece | an artistic or literary composition.; "he wrote an interesting piece on Iran"; "the children acted out a comic piece to amuse the guests" |
| ~ offprint, separate, reprint | a separately printed article that originally appeared in a larger publication. |
| ~ paper | a scholarly article describing the results of observations or stating hypotheses.; "he has written many scientific papers" |
| ~ think piece | an article in a newspaper or magazine or journal that represents opinions and ideas and discussion rather than bare facts. |
| ~ nonfiction, nonfictional prose | prose writing that is not fictional. |
| n. (tops) | 2. article | one of a class of artifacts.; "an article of clothing" |
| ~ artefact, artifact | a man-made object taken as a whole. |
| ~ article of commerce | an article that is offered for sale. |
| ~ breakable | an article that is fragile and easily broken.; "pack the breakables separately" |
| ~ knickknack, novelty | a small inexpensive mass-produced article. |
| ~ notion | (usually plural) small personal articles or clothing or sewing items.; "buttons and needles are notions" |
| ~ ware | articles of the same kind or material; usually used in combination: `silverware', `software'. |
| n. (communication) | 3. article, clause | a separate section of a legal document (as a statute or contract or will). |
| ~ section, subdivision | a self-contained part of a larger composition (written or musical).; "he always turns first to the business section"; "the history of this work is discussed in the next section" |
| ~ arbitration clause | a clause in a contract providing for arbitration of disputes arising under the contract. |
| ~ deductible | a clause in an insurance policy that relieves the insurer of responsibility to pay the initial loss up to a stated amount. |
| ~ double indemnity | a clause in an insurance policy that provides for double the face value of the policy in the case of accidental death. |
| ~ escalator, escalator clause | a clause in a contract that provides for an increase or a decrease in wages or prices or benefits etc. depending on certain conditions (as a change in the cost of living index). |
| ~ joker | an inconspicuous clause in a document or bill that affects its meaning in a way that is not immediately apparent.; "when I demanded my money he showed me the joker in the contract" |
| ~ reserve clause | a clause that used to be part of the contract with a professional athlete extending the contract for a year beyond its expiration.; "the reserve clause was used to bind players to a particular ball club" |
| ~ rider | a clause that is appended to a legislative bill. |
| ~ document, papers, written document | writing that provides information (especially information of an official nature). |
| ~ contract | a binding agreement between two or more persons that is enforceable by law. |
| n. (communication) | 4. article | (grammar) a determiner that may indicate the specificity of reference of a noun phrase. |
| ~ grammar | the branch of linguistics that deals with syntax and morphology (and sometimes also deals with semantics). |
| ~ determinative, determiner | one of a limited class of noun modifiers that determine the referents of noun phrases. |
| ~ definite article | a determiner (as `the' in English) that indicates specificity of reference. |
| ~ indefinite article | a determiner (as `a' or `some' in English) that indicates nonspecific reference. |
| v. (communication) | 5. article | bind by a contract; especially for a training period. |
| ~ oblige, obligate, bind, hold | bind by an obligation; cause to be indebted.; "He's held by a contract"; "I'll hold you by your promise" |
| composition | | |
| n. (attribute) | 1. composing, composition | the spatial property resulting from the arrangement of parts in relation to each other and to the whole.; "harmonious composition is essential in a serious work of art" |
| ~ placement, arrangement | the spatial property of the way in which something is placed.; "the arrangement of the furniture"; "the placement of the chairs" |
| n. (attribute) | 2. composition, constitution, make-up, makeup, physical composition | the way in which someone or something is composed. |
| ~ property | a basic or essential attribute shared by all members of a class.; "a study of the physical properties of atomic particles" |
| ~ structure | the manner of construction of something and the arrangement of its parts.; "artists must study the structure of the human body"; "the structure of the benzene molecule" |
| ~ phenotype | what an organism looks like as a consequence of the interaction of its genotype and the environment. |
| ~ genetic constitution, genotype | the particular alleles at specified loci present in an organism. |
| ~ texture, grain | the physical composition of something (especially with respect to the size and shape of the small constituents of a substance).; "breadfruit has the same texture as bread"; "sand of a fine grain"; "fish with a delicate flavor and texture"; "a stone of coarse grain" |
| ~ karyotype | the appearance of the chromosomal makeup of a somatic cell in an individual or species (including the number and arrangement and size and structure of the chromosomes). |
| n. (substance) | 3. composition | a mixture of ingredients. |
| ~ mixture | (chemistry) a substance consisting of two or more substances mixed together (not in fixed proportions and not with chemical bonding). |
| ~ paste | any mixture of a soft and malleable consistency. |
| ~ ambrosia, beebread | a mixture of nectar and pollen prepared by worker bees and fed to larvae. |
| ~ compost | a mixture of decaying vegetation and manure; used as a fertilizer. |
| ~ soup | any composition having a consistency suggestive of soup. |
| n. (communication) | 4. composition, musical composition, opus, piece, piece of music | a musical work that has been created.; "the composition is written in four movements" |
| ~ morceau | a short literary or musical composition. |
| ~ sheet music | a musical composition in printed or written form.; "she turned the pages of the music as he played" |
| ~ music | an artistic form of auditory communication incorporating instrumental or vocal tones in a structured and continuous manner. |
| ~ musical arrangement, arrangement | a piece of music that has been adapted for performance by a particular set of voices or instruments. |
| ~ realisation, realization | a musical composition that has been completed or enriched by someone other than the composer. |
| ~ coda, finale | the closing section of a musical composition. |
| ~ intermezzo | a short piece of instrumental music composed for performance between acts of a drama or opera. |
| ~ allegro | a musical composition or musical passage to be performed quickly in a brisk lively manner. |
| ~ allegretto | a musical composition or musical passage to be performed at a somewhat quicker tempo than andante but not as fast as allegro. |
| ~ andante | a musical composition or musical passage to be performed moderately slow. |
| ~ introit | a composition of vocal music that is appropriate for opening church services. |
| ~ solo | a musical composition for one voice or instrument (with or without accompaniment). |
| ~ duette, duet, duo | a musical composition for two performers. |
| ~ trio | a musical composition for three performers. |
| ~ quartette, quartet | a musical composition for four performers. |
| ~ quintet, quintette | a musical composition for five performers. |
| ~ sextet, sestet, sextette | a musical composition written for six performers. |
| ~ septette, septet | a musical composition written for seven performers. |
| ~ octette, octet | a musical composition written for eight performers. |
| ~ bagatelle | a light piece of music for piano. |
| ~ divertimento, serenade | a musical composition in several movements; has no fixed form. |
| ~ canon | a contrapuntal piece of music in which a melody in one part is imitated exactly in other parts. |
| ~ etude | a short composition for a solo instrument; intended as an exercise or to demonstrate technical virtuosity. |
| ~ idyl, pastoral, pastorale, idyll | a musical composition that evokes rural life. |
| ~ toccata | a baroque musical composition (usually for a keyboard instrument) with full chords and rapid elaborate runs in a rhythmically free style. |
| ~ fantasia | a musical composition of a free form usually incorporating several familiar themes. |
| ~ musical passage, passage | a short section of a musical composition. |
| ~ movement | a major self-contained part of a symphony or sonata.; "the second movement is slow and melodic" |
| ~ largo | (music) a composition or passage that is to be performed in a slow and dignified manner. |
| ~ larghetto | (music) a composition or passage played in a slow tempo slightly faster than largo but slower than adagio. |
| ~ suite | a musical composition of several movements only loosely connected. |
| ~ symphonic poem, tone poem | an orchestral composition based on literature or folk tales. |
| ~ medley, pastiche, potpourri | a musical composition consisting of a series of songs or other musical pieces from various sources. |
| ~ nocturne, notturno | a pensive lyrical piece of music (especially for the piano). |
| ~ adagio | (music) a composition played in adagio tempo (slowly and gracefully).; "they played the adagio too quickly" |
| ~ song, vocal | a short musical composition with words.; "a successful musical must have at least three good songs" |
| ~ study | a composition intended to develop one aspect of the performer's technique.; "a study in spiccato bowing" |
| ~ capriccio | an instrumental composition that doesn't adhere to rules for any specific musical form and is played with improvisation. |
| ~ motet | an unaccompanied choral composition with sacred lyrics; intended to be sung as part of a church service; originated in the 13th century. |
| ~ program music, programme music | musical compositions intended to evoke images or remind the listener of events. |
| ~ incidental music | music composed to accompany the action of a drama or to fill intervals between scenes. |
| n. (act) | 5. composing, composition | musical creation. |
| ~ creating by mental acts | the act of creating something by thinking. |
| ~ arranging, transcription, arrangement | the act of arranging and adapting a piece of music. |
| ~ realisation, realization | the completion or enrichment of a piece of music left sparsely notated by a composer. |
| ~ recapitulation | (music) the repetition of themes introduced earlier (especially when one is composing the final part of a movement). |
| n. (act) | 6. authorship, composition, penning, writing | the act of creating written works.; "writing was a form of therapy for him"; "it was a matter of disputed authorship" |
| ~ verbal creation | creating something by the use of speech and language. |
| ~ adoxography | fine writing in praise of trivial or base subjects.; "Elizabethan schoolboys were taught adoxography, the art of eruditely praising worthless things"; "adoxography is particularly useful to lawyers" |
| ~ drafting | writing a first version to be filled out and polished later. |
| ~ dramatisation, dramatization | conversion into dramatic form.; "the play was a dramatization of a short story" |
| ~ fabrication, fictionalisation, fictionalization | writing in a fictional form. |
| ~ historiography | the writing of history. |
| ~ metrification | writing a metrical composition (or the metrical structure of a composition). |
| ~ novelisation, novelization | converting something into the form of a novel. |
| ~ redaction | the act of putting something in writing. |
| ~ lexicography | the act of writing dictionaries. |
| ~ versification | the art or practice of writing verse. |
| ~ indite, pen, write, compose | produce a literary work.; "She composed a poem"; "He wrote four novels" |
| ~ write about, write of, write on | write about a particular topic.; "Snow wrote about China" |
| ~ profile | write about.; "The author of this article profiles a famous painter" |
| ~ paragraph | write paragraphs; work as a paragrapher. |
| ~ dash off, fling off, scratch off, toss off, knock off | write quickly.; "She dashed off a note to her husband saying she would not be home for supper"; "He scratched off a thank-you note to the hostess" |
| ~ rewrite | rewrite so as to make fit to suit a new or different purpose.; "re-write a play for use in schools" |
| ~ write copy | write for commercial publications.; "She writes copy for Harper's Bazaar" |
| ~ dramatise, dramatize, adopt | put into dramatic form.; "adopt a book for a screenplay" |
| ~ draft, outline | draw up an outline or sketch for something.; "draft a speech" |
| ~ author | be the author of.; "She authored this play" |
| ~ co-author | be a co-author on (a book, a paper). |
| ~ ghostwrite, ghost | write for someone else.; "How many books have you ghostwritten so far?" |
| ~ annotate, footnote | add explanatory notes to or supply with critical comments.; "The scholar annotated the early edition of a famous novel" |
| ~ reference, cite | refer to.; "he referenced his colleagues' work" |
| ~ write out, write up | put into writing; write in complete form.; "write out a contract" |
| ~ script | write a script for.; "The playwright scripted the movie" |
| n. (communication) | 7. composition, typography | art and technique of printing with movable type. |
| ~ printing process, printing | reproduction by applying ink to paper as for publication. |
| n. (communication) | 8. composition, paper, report, theme | an essay (especially one written as an assignment).; "he got an A on his composition" |
| ~ essay | an analytic or interpretive literary composition. |
| ~ term paper | a composition intended to indicate a student's progress during a school term. |
| n. (artifact) | 9. composition | something that is created by arranging several things to form a unified whole.; "he envied the composition of their faculty" |
| ~ creation | an artifact that has been brought into existence by someone. |
| ~ paste-up | a composition of flat objects pasted on a board or other backing.; "they showed him a paste-up of the book jacket" |
| script | | |
| n. (communication) | 1. book, playscript, script | a written version of a play or other dramatic composition; used in preparing for a performance. |
| ~ dramatic composition, dramatic work | a play for performance on the stage or television or in a movie etc.. |
| ~ prompt copy, promptbook | the copy of the playscript used by the prompter. |
| ~ continuity | a detailed script used in making a film in order to avoid discontinuities from shot to shot. |
| ~ dialog, dialogue | the lines spoken by characters in drama or fiction. |
| ~ libretto | the words of an opera or musical play. |
| ~ scenario | an outline or synopsis of a play (or, by extension, of a literary work). |
| ~ screenplay | a script for a film including dialogue and descriptions of characters and sets. |
| ~ shooting script | the final detailed script for making a movie or TV program. |
| n. (communication) | 2. hand, handwriting, script | something written by hand.; "she recognized his handwriting"; "his hand was illegible" |
| ~ handwriting | the activity of writing by hand.; "handwriting can be slow and painful for one with arthritis" |
| ~ shorthand, stenography, tachygraphy | a method of writing rapidly. |
| ~ cursive, cursive script, longhand, running hand | rapid handwriting in which letters are set down in full and are cursively connected within words without lifting the writing implement from the paper. |
| ~ writing | letters or symbols that are written or imprinted on a surface to represent the sounds or words of a language.; "he turned the paper over so the writing wouldn't show"; "the doctor's writing was illegible" |
| ~ calligraphy, chirography, penmanship | beautiful handwriting. |
| ~ cacography, scrawl, scribble, scratch | poor handwriting. |
| n. (communication) | 3. script | a particular orthography or writing system. |
| ~ orthography, writing system | a method of representing the sounds of a language by written or printed symbols. |
| ~ aramaic script, aramaic | an alphabetical (or perhaps syllabic) script used since the 9th century BC to write the Aramaic language; many other scripts were subsequently derived from it. |
| ~ avestan | the script in which the ancient Persian language of the Avesta is written. |
| ~ brahmi | a script (probably adapted from the Aramaic about the 7th century BC) from which later Indian scripts developed. |
| ~ devanagari, devanagari script, nagari, nagari script | a syllabic script used in writing Sanskrit and Hindi. |
| ~ pahlavi | the script (derived from the Aramaic alphabet) used to write the Pahlavi language. |
| ~ uighur, uigur, uygur | the script (derived from Aramaic) used to write the Uighur language. |
| ~ uncial | a style of orthography characterized by somewhat rounded capital letters; found especially in Greek and Latin manuscripts of the 4th to 8th centuries. |
| ~ cuneiform | an ancient wedge-shaped script used in Mesopotamia and Persia. |
| ~ syllabary, syllabic script | a writing system whose characters represent syllables. |
| ~ alphabet | a character set that includes letters and is used to write a language. |
| v. (creation) | 4. script | write a script for.; "The playwright scripted the movie" |
| ~ authorship, penning, writing, composition | the act of creating written works.; "writing was a form of therapy for him"; "it was a matter of disputed authorship" |
| ~ indite, pen, write, compose | produce a literary work.; "She composed a poem"; "He wrote four novels" |
| writings | | |
| n. (communication) | 1. hagiographa, ketubim, writings | the third of three divisions of the Hebrew Scriptures. |
| ~ religious text, religious writing, sacred text, sacred writing | writing that is venerated for the worship of a deity. |
| ~ book of ruth, ruth | a book of the Old Testament that tells the story of Ruth who was not an Israelite but who married an Israelite and who stayed with her mother-in-law Naomi after her husband died. |
| ~ 1 chronicles, i chronicles | the first of two Old Testament books telling the history of Judah and Israel until the return from the Babylonian Captivity in 536 BC. |
| ~ 2 chronicles, ii chronicles | the second of two Old Testament books telling the history of Judah and Israel until the return from the Babylonian Captivity in 536 BC. |
| ~ book of ezra, ezra | an Old Testament book telling of a rabbi's efforts in the 5th century BC to reconstitute Jewish law and worship in Jerusalem after the Babylonian Captivity. |
| ~ book of nehemiah, nehemiah | an Old Testament book telling how a Jewish official at the court of Artaxerxes I in 444 BC became a leader in rebuilding Jerusalem after the Babylonian Captivity. |
| ~ book of esther, esther | an Old Testament book telling of a beautiful Jewess who became queen of Persia and saved her people from massacre. |
| ~ book of job, job | a book in the Old Testament containing Job's pleas to God about his afflictions and God's reply. |
| ~ book of psalms, psalms | an Old Testament book consisting of a collection of 150 Psalms. |
| ~ book of proverbs, proverbs | an Old Testament book consisting of proverbs from various Israeli sages (including Solomon). |
| ~ book of ecclesiastes, ecclesiastes | an Old Testament book consisting of reflections on the vanity of human life; is traditionally attributed to Solomon but probably was written about 250 BC. |
| ~ canticle of canticles, canticles, song of solomon, song of songs | an Old Testament book consisting of a collection of love poems traditionally attributed to Solomon but actually written much later. |
| ~ book of lamentations, lamentations | an Old Testament book lamenting the desolation of Judah after the destruction of Jerusalem in 586 BC; traditionally attributed to the prophet Jeremiah. |
| ~ book of daniel, book of the prophet daniel, daniel | an Old Testament book that tells of the apocalyptic visions and the experiences of Daniel in the court of Nebuchadnezzar. |
| ~ hebrew scripture, tanach, tanakh | the Jewish scriptures which consist of three divisions--the Torah and the Prophets and the Writings. |
| letter | | |
| n. (communication) | 1. letter, missive | a written message addressed to a person or organization.; "mailed an indignant letter to the editor" |
| ~ document | anything serving as a representation of a person's thinking by means of symbolic marks. |
| ~ mail | the bags of letters and packages that are transported by the postal service. |
| ~ text, textual matter | the words of something written.; "there were more than a thousand words of text"; "they handed out the printed text of the mayor's speech"; "he wants to reconstruct the original text" |
| ~ correspondence | communication by the exchange of letters. |
| ~ business letter | a letter dealing with business. |
| ~ cover letter, covering letter | a letter sent along with other documents to provide additional information. |
| ~ crank letter | a hostile (usually anonymous) letter. |
| ~ encyclical, encyclical letter | a letter from the pope sent to all Roman Catholic bishops throughout the world. |
| ~ fan letter | a letter that is a piece of fan mail. |
| ~ personal letter | a letter dealing with personal affairs. |
| ~ form letter | a letter that is printed in multiple copies and mailed to a list of recipients. |
| ~ open letter | a letter of protest; addressed to one person but intended for the general public. |
| ~ chain letter | a letter that is sent successively to several people. |
| ~ pastoral | a letter from a pastor to the congregation. |
| ~ round robin | a letter signed by a number of people. |
| ~ aerogram, aerogramme, air letter, airmail letter | a letter sent by air mail. |
| ~ epistle | a specially long, formal letter. |
| ~ dead mail, dead letter | mail that can neither be delivered nor returned. |
| ~ letter of intent | any letter expressing an intention to take (or forgo) some action. |
| ~ postscript, ps | a note appended to a letter after the signature. |
| ~ name and address, destination, address | written directions for finding some location; written on letters or packages that are to be delivered to that location. |
| ~ line | text consisting of a row of words written across a page or computer screen.; "the letter consisted of three short lines"; "there are six lines in every stanza" |
| ~ invitation | a request (spoken or written) to participate or be present or take part in something.; "an invitation to lunch"; "she threw the invitation away" |
| n. (communication) | 2. alphabetic character, letter, letter of the alphabet | the conventional characters of the alphabet used to represent speech.; "his grandmother taught him his letters" |
| ~ spelling | forming words with letters according to the principles underlying accepted usage. |
| ~ alphabet | a character set that includes letters and is used to write a language. |
| ~ grapheme, graphic symbol, character | a written symbol that is used to represent speech.; "the Greek alphabet has 24 characters" |
| ~ ascender | a lowercase letter that has a part extending above other lowercase letters. |
| ~ descender | a lowercase letter that has a part extending below other lowercase letters. |
| ~ digram, digraph | two successive letters (especially two letters used to represent a single sound: `sh' in `shoe'). |
| ~ initial | the first letter of a word (especially a person's name).; "he refused to put the initials FRS after his name" |
| ~ a | the 1st letter of the Roman alphabet. |
| ~ b | the 2nd letter of the Roman alphabet. |
| ~ c | the 3rd letter of the Roman alphabet. |
| ~ d | the 4th letter of the Roman alphabet. |
| ~ e | the 5th letter of the Roman alphabet. |
| ~ f | the 6th letter of the Roman alphabet. |
| ~ g | the 7th letter of the Roman alphabet. |
| ~ h | the 8th letter of the Roman alphabet. |
| ~ i | the 9th letter of the Roman alphabet. |
| ~ j | the 10th letter of the Roman alphabet. |
| ~ k | the 11th letter of the Roman alphabet. |
| ~ l | the 12th letter of the Roman alphabet. |
| ~ m | the 13th letter of the Roman alphabet. |
| ~ n | the 14th letter of the Roman alphabet. |
| ~ o | the 15th letter of the Roman alphabet. |
| ~ p | the 16th letter of the Roman alphabet. |
| ~ q | the 17th letter of the Roman alphabet. |
| ~ r | the 18th letter of the Roman alphabet. |
| ~ s | the 19th letter of the Roman alphabet. |
| ~ t | the 20th letter of the Roman alphabet. |
| ~ u | the 21st letter of the Roman alphabet. |
| ~ v | the 22nd letter of the Roman alphabet. |
| ~ double-u, w | the 23rd letter of the Roman alphabet. |
| ~ x, ex | the 24th letter of the Roman alphabet. |
| ~ wye, y | the 25th letter of the Roman alphabet. |
| ~ ezed, izzard, zed, zee, z | the 26th letter of the Roman alphabet.; "the British call Z zed and the Scots call it ezed but Americans call it zee"; "he doesn't know A from izzard" |
| ~ alpha | the 1st letter of the Greek alphabet. |
| ~ beta | the 2nd letter of the Greek alphabet. |
| ~ gamma | the 3rd letter of the Greek alphabet. |
| ~ delta | the 4th letter of the Greek alphabet. |
| ~ epsilon | the 5th letter of the Greek alphabet. |
| ~ zeta | the 6th letter of the Greek alphabet. |
| ~ eta | the 7th letter of the Greek alphabet. |
| ~ theta | the 8th letter of the Greek alphabet. |
| ~ iota | the 9th letter of the Greek alphabet. |
| ~ kappa | the 10th letter of the Greek alphabet. |
| ~ lambda | the 11th letter of the Greek alphabet. |
| ~ mu | the 12th letter of the Greek alphabet. |
| ~ nu | the 13th letter of the Greek alphabet. |
| ~ xi | the 14th letter of the Greek alphabet. |
| ~ omicron | the 15th letter of the Greek alphabet. |
| ~ pi | the 16th letter of the Greek alphabet. |
| ~ rho | the 17th letter of the Greek alphabet. |
| ~ sigma | the 18th letter of the Greek alphabet. |
| ~ tau | the 19th letter of the Greek alphabet. |
| ~ upsilon | the 20th letter of the Greek alphabet. |
| ~ phi | the 21st letter of the Greek alphabet. |
| ~ khi, chi | the 22nd letter of the Greek alphabet. |
| ~ psi | the 23rd letter of the Greek alphabet. |
| ~ omega | the last (24th) letter of the Greek alphabet. |
| ~ aleph | the 1st letter of the Hebrew alphabet. |
| ~ beth | the 2nd letter of the Hebrew alphabet. |
| ~ gimel | the 3rd letter of the Hebrew alphabet. |
| ~ daleth | the 4th letter of the Hebrew alphabet. |
| ~ he | the 5th letter of the Hebrew alphabet. |
| ~ waw | the 6th letter of the Hebrew alphabet. |
| ~ zayin | the 7th letter of the Hebrew alphabet. |
| ~ heth | the 8th letter of the Hebrew alphabet. |
| ~ teth | the 9th letter of the Hebrew alphabet. |
| ~ yodh | the 10th letter of the Hebrew alphabet. |
| ~ kaph | the 11th letter of the Hebrew alphabet. |
| ~ lamedh | the 12th letter of the Hebrew alphabet. |
| ~ mem | the 13th letter of the Hebrew alphabet. |
| ~ nun | the 14th letter of the Hebrew alphabet. |
| ~ samekh | the 15th letter of the Hebrew alphabet. |
| ~ ayin | the 16th letter of the Hebrew alphabet. |
| ~ pe | the 17th letter of the Hebrew alphabet. |
| ~ sadhe | the 18th letter of the Hebrew alphabet. |
| ~ qoph | the 19th letter of the Hebrew alphabet. |
| ~ resh | the 20th letter of the Hebrew alphabet. |
| ~ sin | the 21st letter of the Hebrew alphabet. |
| ~ shin | the 22nd letter of the Hebrew alphabet. |
| ~ taw | the 23rd letter of the Hebrew alphabet. |
| ~ polyphone, polyphonic letter | a letter that has two or more pronunciations.; "`c' is a polyphone because it is pronounced like `k' in `car' but like `s' in `cell'" |
| ~ block capital, block letter | a plain hand-drawn letter. |
| ~ vowel | a letter of the alphabet standing for a spoken vowel. |
| ~ consonant | a letter of the alphabet standing for a spoken consonant. |
| n. (person) | 3. letter | owner who lets another person use something (housing usually) for hire. |
| ~ owner, proprietor | (law) someone who owns (is legal possessor of) a business.; "he is the owner of a chain of restaurants" |
| n. (communication) | 4. letter | a strictly literal interpretation (as distinct from the intention).; "he followed instructions to the letter"; "he obeyed the letter of the law" |
| ~ literal interpretation | an interpretation based on the exact wording. |
| n. (communication) | 5. letter, varsity letter | an award earned by participation in a school sport.; "he won letters in three sports" |
| ~ accolade, honor, laurels, award, honour | a tangible symbol signifying approval or distinction.; "an award for bravery" |
| v. (possession) | 6. letter | win an athletic letter. |
| ~ garner, earn | acquire or deserve by one's efforts or actions. |
| v. (creation) | 7. letter | set down or print with letters. |
| ~ print, impress | reproduce by printing. |
| v. (creation) | 8. letter | mark letters on or mark with letters. |
| ~ write | mark or trace on a surface.; "The artist wrote Chinese characters on a big piece of white paper"; "Russian is written with the Cyrillic alphabet" |
| mail | | |
| n. (communication) | 1. mail | the bags of letters and packages that are transported by the postal service. |
| ~ message | a communication (usually brief) that is written or spoken or signaled.; "he sent a three-word message" |
| ~ 1st-class mail, 1st class, first-class mail, first class | mail that includes letters and postcards and packages sealed against inspection. |
| ~ express, express mail | mail that is distributed by a rapid and efficient system. |
| ~ parcel post | postal service that handles packages. |
| ~ bulk mail | mail consisting of large numbers of identical items (circulars or advertisements) sent to individual addresses at less than 1st-class rates and paid for in one lot. |
| ~ third-class mail, third class | mail consisting of printed matter qualifying for reduced postal rates. |
| ~ airmail | letters and packages that are transported by aircraft. |
| ~ air mail | mail that is sent by air transport. |
| ~ surface mail | mail that is sent by land or sea. |
| ~ registered mail, registered post | mail that is registered by the post office when sent in order to assure safe delivery. |
| ~ special delivery | mail that is delivered by a special carrier (for an additional charge). |
| ~ letter, missive | a written message addressed to a person or organization.; "mailed an indignant letter to the editor" |
| n. (communication) | 2. mail, mail service, post, postal service | the system whereby messages are transmitted via the post office.; "the mail handles billions of items every day"; "he works for the United States mail service"; "in England they call mail `the post'" |
| ~ communicating, communication | the activity of communicating; the activity of conveying information.; "they could not act without official communication from Moscow" |
| ~ airpost, airmail | a system of conveying mail by aircraft. |
| ~ snail mail | any mail that is physically delivered by the postal service.; "email is much faster than snail mail" |
| ~ rfd, rural free delivery | free government delivery of mail in outlying country areas. |
| n. (artifact) | 3. mail | a conveyance that transports the letters and packages that are conveyed by the postal system. |
| ~ transport, conveyance | something that serves as a means of transportation. |
| n. (group) | 4. mail, post | any particular collection of letters or packages that is delivered.; "your mail is on the table"; "is there any post for me?"; "she was opening her post" |
| ~ aggregation, collection, accumulation, assemblage | several things grouped together or considered as a whole. |
| ~ fan mail | mail sent to public figures from their admirers.; "he hired someone to answer his fan mail" |
| ~ hate mail | mail that expresses the writer's dislike or hatred (usually in offensive language). |
| ~ mailing | mail sent by a sender at one time.; "the candidate sent out three large mailings" |
| n. (artifact) | 5. chain armor, chain armour, chain mail, mail, ring armor, ring armour, ring mail | (Middle Ages) flexible armor made of interlinked metal rings. |
| ~ body armor, body armour, cataphract, coat of mail, suit of armor, suit of armour | armor that protects the wearer's whole body. |
| ~ brigandine | a medieval coat of chain mail consisting of metal rings sewn onto leather or cloth. |
| ~ habergeon | (Middle Ages) a light sleeveless coat of chain mail worn under the hauberk. |
| ~ byrnie, hauberk | a long (usually sleeveless) tunic of chain mail formerly worn as defensive armor. |
| ~ gusset, voider | a piece of chain mail covering a place unprotected by armor plate. |
| ~ dark ages, middle ages | the period of history between classical antiquity and the Italian Renaissance. |
| v. (contact) | 6. get off, mail | send via the postal service.; "I'll mail you the check tomorrow" |
| ~ send out, send | to cause or order to be taken, directed, or transmitted to another place.; "He had sent the dispatches downtown to the proper people and had slept" |
| ~ pouch | send by special mail that goes through diplomatic channels. |
| v. (communication) | 7. mail, post, send | cause to be directed or transmitted to another place.; "send me your latest results"; "I'll mail you the paper when it's written" |
| ~ express | send by rapid transport or special messenger service.; "She expressed the letter to Florida" |
| ~ airmail | send or transport by airmail.; "Letters to Europe from the U.S. are best airmailed" |
| ~ register | send by registered mail.; "I'd like to register this letter" |
| ~ express-mail | send by express mail or courier.; "Express-mail the documents immediately" |
| ~ transfer | move from one place to another.; "transfer the data"; "transmit the news"; "transfer the patient to another hospital" |
| write | | |
| v. (creation) | 1. compose, indite, pen, write | produce a literary work.; "She composed a poem"; "He wrote four novels" |
| ~ authorship, penning, writing, composition | the act of creating written works.; "writing was a form of therapy for him"; "it was a matter of disputed authorship" |
| ~ draw | write a legal document or paper.; "The deed was drawn in the lawyer's office" |
| ~ create verbally | create with or from words. |
| ~ lyric | write lyrics for (a song). |
| ~ write about, write of, write on | write about a particular topic.; "Snow wrote about China" |
| ~ profile | write about.; "The author of this article profiles a famous painter" |
| ~ paragraph | write paragraphs; work as a paragrapher. |
| ~ paragraph | write about in a paragraph.; "All her friends were paragraphed in last Monday's paper" |
| ~ spell, write | write or name the letters that comprise the conventionally accepted form of (a word or part of a word).; "He spelled the word wrong in this letter" |
| ~ write off | write something fluently, and without hesitation. |
| ~ dash off, fling off, scratch off, toss off, knock off | write quickly.; "She dashed off a note to her husband saying she would not be home for supper"; "He scratched off a thank-you note to the hostess" |
| ~ rewrite | rewrite so as to make fit to suit a new or different purpose.; "re-write a play for use in schools" |
| ~ write copy | write for commercial publications.; "She writes copy for Harper's Bazaar" |
| ~ dramatise, dramatize, adopt | put into dramatic form.; "adopt a book for a screenplay" |
| ~ draft, outline | draw up an outline or sketch for something.; "draft a speech" |
| ~ poetise, poetize, verse, versify | compose verses or put into verse.; "He versified the ancient saga" |
| ~ author | be the author of.; "She authored this play" |
| ~ annotate, footnote | add explanatory notes to or supply with critical comments.; "The scholar annotated the early edition of a famous novel" |
| ~ reference, cite | refer to.; "he referenced his colleagues' work" |
| ~ publish, write | have (one's written work) issued for publication.; "How many books did Georges Simenon write?"; "She published 25 books during her long career" |
| ~ write out, write up | put into writing; write in complete form.; "write out a contract" |
| ~ script | write a script for.; "The playwright scripted the movie" |
| v. (communication) | 2. write | communicate or express by writing.; "Please write to me every week" |
| ~ communicate, intercommunicate | transmit thoughts or feelings.; "He communicated his anxieties to the psychiatrist" |
| ~ write in | write to an organization.; "Many listeners wrote in after the controversial radio program" |
| ~ style | make consistent with certain rules of style.; "style a manuscript" |
| ~ apostrophise, apostrophize | use an apostrophe. |
| ~ rewrite | write differently; alter the writing of.; "The student rewrote his thesis" |
| ~ sign, subscribe | mark with one's signature; write one's name (on).; "She signed the letter and sent it off"; "Please sign here" |
| ~ type, typewrite | write by means of a keyboard with types.; "type the acceptance letter, please" |
| ~ handwrite | write by hand.; "You should handwrite the note to your guests" |
| ~ jot, jot down | write briefly or hurriedly; write a short note of. |
| ~ scribble, scrabble | write down quickly without much attention to detail. |
| ~ drop a line, write | communicate (with) in writing.; "Write her soon, please!" |
| ~ set down, write down, get down, put down | put down in writing; of texts, musical compositions, etc.. |
| ~ make out, write out, issue, cut | make out and issue.; "write out a check"; "cut a ticket"; "Please make the check out to me" |
| ~ write up | bring to public notice by writing, with praise or condemnation.; "The New York Times wrote him up last week"; "Did your boss write you up?" |
| v. (creation) | 3. publish, write | have (one's written work) issued for publication.; "How many books did Georges Simenon write?"; "She published 25 books during her long career" |
| ~ create verbally | create with or from words. |
| ~ indite, pen, write, compose | produce a literary work.; "She composed a poem"; "He wrote four novels" |
| v. (communication) | 4. drop a line, write | communicate (with) in writing.; "Write her soon, please!" |
| ~ write | communicate or express by writing.; "Please write to me every week" |
| ~ correspond | exchange messages.; "My Russian pen pal and I have been corresponding for several years" |
| ~ write | communicate by letter.; "He wrote that he would be coming soon" |
| v. (communication) | 5. write | communicate by letter.; "He wrote that he would be coming soon" |
| ~ communicate, intercommunicate | transmit thoughts or feelings.; "He communicated his anxieties to the psychiatrist" |
| ~ drop a line, write | communicate (with) in writing.; "Write her soon, please!" |
| v. (creation) | 6. compose, write | write music.; "Beethoven composed nine symphonies" |
| ~ music | an artistic form of auditory communication incorporating instrumental or vocal tones in a structured and continuous manner. |
| ~ create, make | make or cause to be or to become.; "make a mess in one's office"; "create a furor" |
| ~ counterpoint | write in counterpoint.; "Bach perfected the art of counterpointing" |
| ~ set to music | write (music) for (a text). |
| ~ arrange, set | adapt for performance in a different way.; "set this poem to music" |
| ~ score | write a musical score for. |
| ~ melodise, melodize | supply a melody for. |
| ~ harmonise, harmonize | write a harmony for. |
| ~ instrumentate, instrument | write an instrumental score for. |
| v. (creation) | 7. write | mark or trace on a surface.; "The artist wrote Chinese characters on a big piece of white paper"; "Russian is written with the Cyrillic alphabet" |
| ~ dot | make a dot or dots. |
| ~ trace, describe, draw, line, delineate | make a mark or lines on a surface.; "draw a line"; "trace the outline of a figure in the sand" |
| ~ stenograph | write in shorthand.; "The students were able to stenograph and record the conversation" |
| ~ calligraph | write beautifully and ornamentally. |
| ~ cross | trace a line through or across.; "cross your `t'" |
| ~ superscribe | write on the outside or upper part of.; "superscribe an envelope" |
| ~ superscribe | write on the top or outside.; "superscribe one's name and address" |
| ~ capitalise, capitalize | write in capital letters. |
| ~ letter | mark letters on or mark with letters. |
| ~ print | write as if with print; not cursive. |
| ~ scrawl, scribble | write carelessly. |
| ~ copy | copy down as is.; "The students were made to copy the alphabet over and over" |
| ~ print, impress | reproduce by printing. |
| v. (communication) | 8. save, write | record data on a computer.; "boot-up instructions are written on the hard disk" |
| ~ computer science, computing | the branch of engineering science that studies (with the aid of computers) computable processes and structures. |
| ~ record, tape | register electronically.; "They recorded her singing" |
| ~ overwrite | write new data on top of existing data and thus erase the previously existing data.; "overwrite that file" |
| v. (creation) | 9. spell, write | write or name the letters that comprise the conventionally accepted form of (a word or part of a word).; "He spelled the word wrong in this letter" |
| ~ spell out | spell fully and without abbreviating.; "Can you spell out your middle name instead of just giving the initial?" |
| ~ hyphen, hyphenate | divide or connect with a hyphen.; "hyphenate these words and names" |
| v. (creation) | 10. write | create code, write a computer program.; "She writes code faster than anybody else" |
| ~ create by mental act, create mentally | create mentally and abstractly rather than with one's hands. |
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